Displaying 476 - 500 of 58160 recommendations found
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:BrazilBrazilRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Amend the Criminal Code in order to for it to contain a specific provision stating that a child victim of prostitution should not be prosecuted and criminalizing the offences of offering, obtaining and providing a child for prostitution.ExplanationAmendments to the Criminal Code in 2013 provide child protection from prostitution and specifically exploitation of juvenile prostitution, as well as severing of criminal sanctions against perpetrators of this crime.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 12) Law No. 7895/1995 “On the Criminal Code” has undergone a series of amendments, including definition of several criminal offences, and provided for more severe criminal sentences in the field of gender-based violence and child protection, including for sexual abuse and economic exploitation of children.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 13) In 2016, the Council of Europe Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (CoE-GRETA) … … referred to a surge in the number of female victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and child victims trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation and/or begging during the tourist season.
Para 36) JS1 reported of constantly increasing numbers of crimes of sexual nature, including against children. It stated that the low rate of reporting to the police and consequently to the justice system was mainly due to the associated shame.114 CoE-Commissioner noted the amendments to the Criminal Code which provided for safeguards for the protection of children from sexual crimes and economic exploitation, increased the maximum sentence for crimes of child sexual abuse and added a new offence criminalising violence of a sexual nature in the Criminal Code.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:N/AContents:... Amendments to the [Penal] Code envisage gender identity and sexual orientation as aggravating circumstances when committing offences and provide for severe punishments for cases of discrimination on the above grounds. Moreover, the criminal offences on "inciting hatred and conflict" and "denying equality of citizens" were amended by including sexual orientation and gender identity ... [Para 4] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Sexual abuse
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:NeglectedContents:Fulfil the rights of orphans to special protection throughout their childhood, as well as their other rights, including to education, and to protection from neglect, ill-treatment and sexual abuse or exploitation, as set out in the CRC. [Para 21] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SwedenSwedenRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's participation
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Take further measures to ensure equality between men and women, including through facilitation of women's participation in public affairs and the labour market.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 65) The Electoral Code provides that 30 % of the multi nominal list in each electoral zone must belong to each gender and it also lays down sanctions for political subjects failing to fulfill the gender quota with the aim of increasing the participation of women and girls in public life.
Para 66) For the first time, in the newly established government (2013), women hold 6 positions (31%) of the Government cabinet, 7 positions as deputy ministers, while in Parliament women hold 28 positions (20%).
Para 67) Furthermore, women are also elected at the local government level as majors, head of communes, head of regions, members of municipality councils and appointed in crucial positions as prefects.
Para 68) The number of women in public administration and judiciary has increased at all levels too.
Para 69) Economic empowerment of women and girls remains one of the long-term government priorities and one of the priorities of the Gender Equality National Strategy and Reduction of Gender Based Violence and Domestic Violence Strategy 2011-2015.
Para 70) State policies are focused on supporting the empowerment of rural women and Rural Development Strategy is oriented to create employment opportunities in rural areas. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:FijiFijiRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupPIFCommonwealthIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Take into account the vulnerabilities and needs of women, children, youth, elderly persons, persons with disabilities and indigenous and other marginalised groups in developing policies on climate change and disaster risk management.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:CanadaCanadaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupOASOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Consider signing CRPD.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 43) The CRPD was ratified by the Albanian Assembly in November 2012. Concerning the OP of the Convention, the Albanian authorities are evaluating this recommendation and shall soon consider its signing and ratification. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UruguayUruguayRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- HIV and AIDS
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Conduct awareness and prevention campaigns on HIV / AIDS, providing access to appropriate therapies for people living with this virus or disease.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:LithuaniaLithuaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Continue endeavours aimed at combating domestic violence and ensure that all reports of domestic violence are thoroughly investigated and perpetrators are brought to justice.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:MoldovaMoldovaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupCISOIFIssue:
- Sexual violence
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Ensure the effective implementation of the law on legal aid guarantees by the State, especially with regard to victims of domestic violence and sexual violence and ensure that victims are informed of their right to access legal aid.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Sexual violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:N/AContents:The Law on the Rights of Prisoners and Detainees of 1998 was amended in 2014. These amendments strengthen preventive and protection measures against physical, psychological and sexual violence in prisons and detention centers. [Para 56]
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Early marriage
- Marginalized groups of women
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:CEDAW was seriously concerned about the practice of child marriage, especially among Roma and Egyptian communities, often authorized by a court decision as an exception to the minimum age of marriage of 18 years. It recommended that Albania strictly prohibit child marriage and criminalize violations of that prohibition, allowing only very limited and clearly defined exceptions where courts might authorize unions for persons under 18 years of age with the consent of both partners. It also recommended that Albania raise awareness among children, parents, community and religious leaders and the general public of the negative impact of child marriage on the health and development of children, particularly girls. [Para 39]
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Outcome ReportIssue:
- Sexuality education
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
- HIV and AIDS
- Right to health
- Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
Type:CommentSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:N/AContents:Action Canada for Population and Development noted that specific obstacles to the realization of the right to health and to sexual and reproductive health services for vulnerable groups persisted in Albania. It welcomed therefore the acceptance by Albania of recommendations related to ensuring non-discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity, age and HIV status, for individuals accessing healthcare services, as well as a recommendation calling for sexuality education as part of increasing access to healthcare and prevention programme. It urged Albania to ensure that comprehensive sexuality education extends to children and young people based in non-formal or out-of-school settings. [Para 429] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:N/AContents:The legal measures in this field have aimed at the prevention of the phenomenon of women trafficking and prostitution and at the severe punishment of the perpetrators of these criminal offenses, specifying and broadening the aggravating circumstances of the criminal offense. Beginning from 2001 and in continuation the Criminal Code has stipulated as criminal offenses "Trafficking in persons", "Trafficking in women", "Trafficking in children", "Pornography", "Aid to the illicit border-crossing", "Ill-treatment of minors", which punishes the phenomenon of child exploitation to forced labor, begging and other services. Also the adoption of the Law "On the prevention and fight against the organized crime" (2004), Law "On the protection of witnesses and justice collaborators" (2004), Law "On the pronouncement of the moratorium on the sailing vessels in the Republic of Albania" (2006) has served this purpose as well. [Para 101] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SpainSpainRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Sign and ratify the OP-CRPD. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:DenmarkDenmarkRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Provide the necessary support, including adequate shelter, to all victims of domestic violence.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 41) Law "On legal aid", which entered into force on 1 June 2018, provide access to justice for individuals with economic difficulties including disadvantaged groups. The law defines conditions, procedures and rules on administration of legal aid guaranteed by the state, equal access to the justice system, professional legal aid, and state institutions responsible for administering legal aid. This law provides as beneficiaries of stateguaranteed legal aid regardless of their income and property, expressly victims of domestic violence, sexually abused victims and victims of trafficking in human beings, to other categories such as child victims and juveniles in conflict with the law, persons in social care, persons without legal capacity to act and victims of discriminatory behavior.
Para 42) Law No.22 / 2018 "On Social Housing", with regard of social housing programs provides for priority in terms of securing social housing victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking and potential victims of trafficking.
Para 44) National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for cases of violence in family relations was established at the local level in 60 municipalities (out of the then total of 61 municipalities), as well employees for gender equality, with the role of local coordinators against domestic violence. Since 2016 are adopted standards of services for victims of domestic violence. There is need for a multidisciplinary, rapid and effective approach, for national and local government units' awareness on budgeting of gender priorities, applying for funding to provide social services for victims of domestic violence.
Para 45) The State Police has established a telephone service number 129 or 11 for all emergencies which operates 24 hours in 7 days. Since 2017, the Free Counselling Line 116- 117, is offering free of charge primary service of psycho-emotional support, counselling and assistance for the referral of violence, in a secure and confidential environment. National service counselling standards for victims of domestic violence were adopted.
Para 49) There are 6 non-public centers providing residential services (2 in Tirana, 1 in Berat, 1 in Korca, 1 in Elbasan, 1 in Vlora). In December 2018, was opened a Crisis Management Center for Victims of Sexual Violence “Lilium Center”, at the premises of the Tirana University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa". This Center provides 24/7 integrated services to victims of sexual violence by a multidisciplinary team. Standards of this Center were approved by Instruction of the Minister of Health and Social Protection in November 2018.
Para 78) The provision of services to victims of domestic violence has been strengthened. The number of children accommodated annually is relatively consistent, from 38–59 cases per year. A tailored integration service plan is developed for each child that includes their enrolment and monitoring of school attendance. Various awareness-raising and entertainment activities are carried out aiming to develop their social and cognitive skills. Specialist social workers and psychologists at the centre support the mothers to become part of the employment and housing schemes offered by the local government or non-profit organisations, in order to improve their financial situation. Other services available to victims, provided by public and private centres include, housing and psycho-social support, referral for medical care, legal aid, professional training courses, and employment mediation.
UN Compilation:
Para 30) … CEDAW was concerned about the prevalence of gender-based violence, the low rate of reporting of cases of gender-based violence against women, the insufficient implementation of the national referral mechanism, the insufficient number of shelters for victims of gender-based violence and the restrictive criteria for admission to those shelters, and the frequent failure to enforce protection orders and emergency protection orders. The country team made similar observations and highlighted that women from disadvantaged groups faced additional barriers to accessing services.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 27) … Both, JS5 and JS2 reported that the Law “On Free Legal Aid provided by the State” 111/2017, which provided the right for victims of domestic violence to obtain legal assistance, had not been fully implemented.
Para 29) According to JS5, victims of sexual violence received little protection and few services as the country did not have rape crisis centers or sexual violence referral centers. Victims also faced problems accessing short-term housing with the number of shelters in the country and their capacity being insufficient.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UruguayUruguayRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Continue taking the necessary measures of accountability to ensure full compliance in all sectors with the national legislation in the field of gender rights and equality. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SpainSpainRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Continue strengthening measures which favour full gender equality, paying special attention to the integration of women into the labour market without discrimination, in line with the measures established in the 2013 European Union Progress Report.ExplanationStrengthening of the measures on gender equality are focused on the integration of women into the labour market, in particular for women from vulnerable groups, through the implementation of the National Strategy on Gender Equality, Reduction of Gender-Based Violence and Domestic Violence 2011-2015 and the National Strategy for Employment 2014-2020, namely:
- Promoting equal work opportunities through effective policies in the labour market;
- Increasing the number of males and females by providing quality education and vocational training programs;
- Increasing their participation in vocational training, especially for women and their employment.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 33) Amendments to the Electoral Code in 2013 on the parliamentary elections, which requiring at least 30% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. Amendments of Electoral Code for the 2015 local elections upon a proposal of the Alliance of Women Members of Parliament provide that: 50% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. As a result, the current representation of women in the Assembly is 27.85% (39 women out of 140). Women’s representation in the Government is respectively: 8 ministers or 42%; Women’s representation in the city councils is 34.6% (from 12% after the 2011 elections) and 9 mayors (14.7%) out of a total of 61 mayors. Progress has been made in relation with the representation in the public administration. Para 34) Amendments of the Labor Code in December 2015 introduced new provisions, with direct impact in women, including: an improved definition of sexual harassment in the work place; the reverse of the burden of proof for sexual harassment; additional guarantees for women’s return to work after their maternity leave; non-discriminatory remuneration for all, and not only for men and women, etc.
Para 35) A new Code of Administrative Procedures (Law 44/2015) was approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania on 30.04.2015 and entered into force on 28.05.2016. An important step is the provision related the reverse of the burden of proof in matters of discrimination. The public body should be guided by the principle of equality and antidiscrimination for grounds provided by law, including gender and gender identity.
Para 36) Several bylaws in relation to economic position of women were adopted , such as: On the right to withdraw economic aid, exclusively by women, that will increase the access to financial resources; Specific measures are adopted to support women entrepreneurs and women's development initiatives in rural areas.
UN Compilation:
Para 29) The United Nations country team noted that legislation on gender equality, nondiscrimination and domestic violence had improved, and that Albania was implementing the third National Strategy on Gender Equality for 2016–2020. CEDAW welcomed the amendment to the Labour Code that defined and reversed the burden of proof in cases of sexual harassment, …
Para 33) [CEDAW] welcomed the amendments made in 2015 to the Electoral Code, which established a 50 per cent quota for candidates from both sexes for local elections, and noted an increase in the number of women participating in political and public life.
Para 34) [CEDAW] was also concerned about the concentration of women in the informal labour market without adequate labour and social protection, the significant gender wage gap, particularly in the private sector, and the extremely low minimum wage that disproportionately affected women.83 The United Nations country team raised similar concerns.
Para 35) [CEDAW] welcomed the adoption of the action plan for supporting women entrepreneurs for 2014–202085 and the amendment made in 2014 to the Law on Social Assistance and Social Services, which provided for social assistance to be paid directly to women. Nevertheless, the Committee noted with concern the limited implementation of those measures, in particular at the local level and with regard to women and girls belonging to disadvantaged or marginalized groups.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 23) … JS1 also stated that girls often had fewer opportunities to attend secondary and tertiary education compared to boys.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:Reference AddressedContents:AI recommended that Albania identify and overcome the factors which result in the majority of petitions for protection orders being withdrawn, ensure that, when granted, protection orders effectively secure the safety of victims, and that perpetrators who break such orders are sanctioned in accordance with the law. AI recommended that Albania ensure that all reports of domestic violence are thoroughly investigated and perpetrators are brought to justice. [Para 16] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:BelgiumBelgiumRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Early marriage
- Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
Type:QuestionSession:19th session, May 2014Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:Which concrete measures have been taken by the Government of Albania to fight against harmful traditions, including blood feud-related crimes, child marriages, the practice of family choosing the husband and the payment of a bride price or dowry? -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:BrazilBrazilRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Consider fostering policies on combating child trafficking and define the crimes of the sale of children and child pornography.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 84) Law "On the Protection of the Rights of the Child" aims at improving the system of child protection and provides for measures guaranteeing the life, upbringing and development of the child through the coordination of all actors. This law defines the monitoring mechanisms for the implementation of law, responsibilities of central and local government, the setting up of responsible institutions and administrative sanctions for cases of violation of child rights. Further, it provides for the protection of children from trafficking and from any form of exploitation and sexual ill treatment.
Para 85) The Criminal Code provision on the offence of pornography is amended by adding new elements and making the punishment more severe. Regarding the offence of "trafficking in human beings" two provisions are added "Profiting or using services provided by trafficked persons" "Actions that facilitate trafficking" where more severe punishments are envisaged if these offences are committed against children. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:AustriaAustriaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- "Honour crimes"
- Domestic violence
- Violence on the basis of sexual orientation
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Undertake awareness-raising campaigns to ensure the effective implementation of and respect for the laws of the State, in particular by ensuring the effective investigation and prosecution of honour killings and cases of violence, including domestic violence against women and children.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 116) During this period, awareness raising campaigns were conducted to elimination gender stereotypes, to increase the political and public decision making of women and her economic empowerment; national conferences, meetings, programs with the electronic media, fairs with works of girls and women were organized; awareness raising materials are developed; posters, TV spots etc. An increased awareness by both state structures and society about gender issues is observed.
Para 117) Activities organized to prevent trafficking aim to raise the awareness of the public and groups most at risk, such as children, youth, marginalized groups etc. Manuals, leaflets and brochures are published and distributed to prevent trafficking. TV spots, documentaries, TV and radio programmes are broadcasted. Seminars with the electronic media are organized and written regarding issues of trafficking in human beings. Topics related to trafficking in human being, issues about child protection, child rights, gender equality, domestic violence and sexual education are part of the curricula to raise the awareness of children and youth. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SloveniaSloveniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Remain vigilant on the issues of blood feud and domestic violence; develop and support programmes to provide help to victims of domestic violence. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:FranceFranceRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Intersex persons' rights
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Fight discrimination against persons belonging to minorities, including LGBTI persons; accelerate the adoption of legislation on the application of the laws on persons belonging to minorities, persons with disabilities and on free legal aid.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:ChinaChinaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Further protect women’s rights and raise the female employment rate.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:NetherlandsNetherlandsRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- International human rights instruments
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Put into effect a follow-up plan for the implementation of the Istanbul Convention, specifically on prevention of domestic violence, rehabilitation of victims and engagement with perpetrators in line with Sustainable Development Goal 5.