UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 49151 - 49175 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Reports to CESCR overdue.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Armenia

    Armenia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    CIS
    OIF
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ratify the CEDAW.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Mexico

    Mexico
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Forced marriage
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Modify the legislation so that the legal minimum age for marriage is set at the age of 18 years.
    Explanation
    Noted.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Norway

    Norway
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Respect the Sudanese national plan of action for women, peace and security, and implement the provisions of the CEDAW.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Latvia

    Latvia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take all necessary measures, both in law and in practice, to combat violence against women and girls and domestic violence.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Ukraine

    Ukraine
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    CIS
    Issue:
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Enforce the prohibition of female genital mutilation through an effective prosecution mechanism.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Maldives

    Maldives
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Forced marriage
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure the adoption of legislation that prohibits child, early and forced marriage.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 94) (c) The State has adopted a national strategy to prevent child marriage, which is part of its national strategy for children 2018–2030. In addition to this, a national action plan to end child marriage in Sudan, rolled out in November 2017, has been updated for the period 2021–2031. The plan uses as its baseline a regional assessment of child marriage conducted by UNICEF in 2016; (d) A bill to combat violence against women has been drafted, which includes provisions prohibiting early marriage. In addition, a ministerial committee has been set up to review legislation and laws on women and to address any loopholes;

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 78) The Helena Kennedy Centre for international Justice noted that most women are married young, with the legal age for marriage being 10 years old, when a girl is tamyeez (Mature), with the permission of an elder. In a survey undertaken by Dabanga, it was reported that a third of the female population in Sudan aged between 20 and 24 were married by the age of 18, despite having ratified the CRC.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Turkey

    Turkey
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OIC
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Strengthen efforts to prevent child marriage, including by combating stereotypes through diversified awareness-raising campaigns.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 94) (c) The State has adopted a national strategy to prevent child marriage, which is part of its national strategy for children 2018–2030. In addition to this, a national action plan to end child marriage in Sudan, rolled out in November 2017, has been updated for the period 2021–2031. The plan uses as its baseline a regional assessment of child marriage conducted by UNICEF in 2016; (d) A bill to combat violence against women has been drafted, which includes provisions prohibiting early marriage. In addition, a ministerial committee has been set up to review legislation and laws on women and to address any loopholes;

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 78) The Helena Kennedy Centre for international Justice noted that most women are married young, with the legal age for marriage being 10 years old, when a girl is tamyeez (Mature), with the permission of an elder. In a survey undertaken by Dabanga, it was reported that a third of the female population in Sudan aged between 20 and 24 were married by the age of 18, despite having ratified the CRC.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Morocco

    Morocco
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue the efforts towards raising the enrolment rate for children in schools, particularly girls.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 54) As part of its continuing efforts to ensure universal access to basic education, the State adopted its education strategy 2007–2031. The strategy aims to reduce disparities in quality and to increase the level of education among girls, focusing particularly upon nomads and displaced persons. Five-year educational plans have also been rolled out, which emphasize the importance of generalizing basic education, increasing rates of completion, reducing dropout and training teachers.
    Para 64) The 2017 primary school enrolment rate and annual trends both show a significant disparity between girls and boys, depending upon the state. In fact, the overall enrolment rate for boys stands at 75 per cent while for girls it is 71 per cent. However, in most states the gap between boys and girls is small.
    Para 71) One State initiative in the area of education has been the education strategy 2007– 2031. A five-year educational plan has also been rolled out, which emphasizes the importance of generalizing basic education, increasing rates of completion, reducing dropout, training teachers and creating new classrooms in order to address admission disparities.
    Para 72) A strategy has been developed which aims to reduce disparities in quality and to increase the level of education among girls, focusing particularly upon nomads and displaced persons.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 45) The United Nations country team noted that the efforts of the Sudan to implement universal basic education had been undermined by low retention and high dropout rates as a result of early marriage, the distance children had to travel to schools and the high opportunity cost of attending school, among other reasons.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 67) Egypt Peace observed that most families did not allow their daughters to get an education as they believed that women should be a housewife. These traditions are affecting the girl’s rights to education. As a result, the primary school enrolment rate of girls is still lower than that of boys, and there is also a large literacy gap between boys and girls. It also noted that there are only 12% of female teachers in schools …

  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Italy

    Italy
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ratify CEDAW.
    Explanation
    Noted. Ratifying CEDAW is under consideration
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 22) Sudan is in the process of ratifying the following instruments: • CEDAW (1979);
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Latvia

    Latvia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ratify the CEDAW to ensure full gender equality and adopt a comprehensive national action plan with clear goals and deadlines to eliminate all forms of violence against women, including sexual violence and female genital mutilation.
    Explanation
    Noted.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 22) Sudan is in the process of ratifying the following instruments: • CEDAW (1979);
    Para 77) The State has developed its national strategy to combat violence against women 2015– 2030.
    Para 94) (f) A strategy to end female genital mutilation 2021–2030 has been drafted and is currently in the final stages of approval, and a proposal has been made to include that issue in the school curriculum.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Honduras

    Honduras
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Adopt measures in the legislative and political spheres, including appropriate budget allocation, to guarantee, prevent and eradicate discrimination on religious grounds, ethnic composition, gender or sexual orientation.
    Explanation
    Noted.
    Implementation
    UN Compilation:
    Para 12) The HR Committee was concerned about the persistence of entrenched discriminatory provisions in legislation, in particular …regarding sexual orientation.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 28) JS14 noted that Sudan applied the death penalty for some crimes, including to crimes not considered “the most serious.” Recent, important changes to the Criminal Act 1991 repealed the death penalty for the crimes of apostasy and consensual same-sex relations.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual harassment
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Redress noted that Sudan separated the definition of rape from adultery in Article 149 of the Criminal Act of 1991 and inserted an offence of sexual harassment in Article 151(3). It recommended amending Article 149 to set out aggravating factors for officials who abuse their position, and Article 151 (3) by removing text that may result in prosecution of women; Redress recommend that authorities punish rape and/or sexual harassment and place suspects under the jurisdiction of ordinary courts. [Para 37]
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict expressed concern regarding reports of sexual violence committed against children by government forces and militias, and requested the Government to prosecute perpetrators and provide reparations for victims and humanitarian assistance to children. [Para 38]
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Outcome Report

    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Comment
    Session:
    25th session, May 2016
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Encouraged the Sudan to implement an HIV/AIDS awareness campaign and introduce sexual and health education policy.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    JS10 recommended to accelerate universal health coverage including SRHR services, especially for marginalized and vulnerable groups ... and improve maternal mortality data by strengthening and institutionalizing maternal death surveillance and response system. [Para 63]
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa recommended to ratify the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa. [Para 5]
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    "… CRC also expressed concern over the abduction of children for the purpose of forced labour, including sexual slavery ... [Para 26]"
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Ecuador

    Ecuador
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Accede or ratify the following international instruments: CEDAW...
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 53) ... Committees have been formed to study the possibility of acceding to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Czechia

    Czechia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ratify remaining key international human rights instruments, including … CEDAW.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ratify the CEDAW.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Italy

    Italy
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Decriminalize consensual adult same-sex relations.
    Explanation
    Noted.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Ethiopia

    Ethiopia
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Raise community awareness on the dangers and consequences of early marriage and FGM (Ethiopia);
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Estonia

    Estonia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Prioritise the protection of women from violence by reforming or repealing state legislation.
  • State Under Review:

    Sudan

    Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Source Of Reference:

    Mexico

    Mexico
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Accelerate the creation of the Commission for Women and Gender Equality and adopt a law on violence against women, including provisions that criminalize domestic violence.