UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 45801 - 45825 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    "JS3 recommended that Singapore: improve access to antiretroviral treatment for people living with HIV, including by classifying ARV drugs that are on the World Health Organisation’s list of essential medicines as standard drugs eligible for government subsidies. It also recommended that counselling and reasonable access to treatment be provided for persons discovered as a result of mandatory testing to have HIV. [Para 50]"
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Malaysia

    Malaysia
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Other
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    38th Session, May 2021
    Status:
    Partially Accepted
    Contents:
    Intensify measures to enhance the enjoyment of freedom of religion or belief, including by lifting the ban on the wearing of hijab by Muslim women employees in the public services.
    Explanation
    The vast majority of female Muslim officers in the Public Service are already allowed to wear the tudung, except for those in uniform. Singapore will allow female Muslim public healthcare staff to wear a tudung with their uniform from November 2021.
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Turkmenistan

    Turkmenistan
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    CIS
    OIC
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    38th Session, May 2021
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take further steps on strengthening the protection of the rights of children, women and persons with disabilities.
    Explanation
    We have social safety nets to provide help where family and community support is inadequate.

  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Tajikistan

    Tajikistan
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    CIS
    OIC
    Issue:
    • Sexual abuse
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    38th Session, May 2021
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue to strengthen legislation and policies to protect children and youth from sexual exploitation and abuse.
    Explanation
    Singapore continuously reviews our policies to ensure that vulnerable groups, including children, are protected. The Criminal Justice Reform Act 2018 enhanced protection for victims of sexual or child abuse offences, and reduced the stress they face in the criminal justice system. In 2019, we amended the Penal Code to strengthen protection for children and youths against sexual exploitation. The Children and Young Persons Act was also amended in the same year to extend protection to abused and neglected children from below 16 years to below 18 years.

  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    38th Session, May 2021
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure the effective implementation of the Women's Charter.
    Explanation
    Singapore’s approach to gender equality is founded on the principle of meritocracy where women in Singapore participate fully and equally in all spheres of life and at all levels. In 2017, Singapore’s first female President, Halimah Yacob, was elected into office.
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Rwanda

    Rwanda
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    38th Session, May 2021
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts to address cases of gender-based violence against women, including domestic and sexual violence.
    Explanation
    Singapore’s approach to gender equality is founded on the principle of meritocracy where women in Singapore participate fully and equally in all spheres of life and at all levels. In 2017, Singapore’s first female President, Halimah Yacob, was elected into office.
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Austria

    Austria
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    • Transgender persons' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    38th Session, May 2021
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Repeal Section 377A of the Penal Code criminalizing homosexual acts even if undertaken in private spaces and enact legislation to protect the rights of LGBTI persons.
    Explanation
    Noted. Although Section 377A of the Penal Code remains in our statute books, it is not enforced. All Singapore citizens, regardless of their sexual orientation, are free to pursue their activities in their private space. We firmly oppose discrimination and harassment and have laws to protect all our citizens from such conduct. We will continue to manage the issue of LGBT rights in a sensitive and pragmatic way, so as to protect the vulnerable, uphold the family and preserve the common space for the diverse communities in Singapore.

  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Consider ratifying the ICESCR.
    Explanation
    Singapore supports recommendations to keep international human rights treaties under review.
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Sweden

    Sweden
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Remove its reservations to the CEDAW and sign its OP.
    Explanation
    Noted. Singapore is committed to implementing its obligations under CEDAW while maintaining our current reservations to CEDAW.
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Botswana

    Botswana
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts to harmonize its legislation and ensure equality between men and women, particularly in marriage and family relations.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 16) The Inter-Ministry Committee on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) monitors the implementation of Singapore’s CEDAW obligations. The CEDAW Committee considered Singapore’s fifth periodic report (CEDAW/C/SGP/5) in 2017. In 2020, Singapore launched the Conversations on Singapore Women’s Development, a national conversation series to gather feedback from thousands of Singaporeans on issues concerning women at home, at work, in schools, and in the community. The Conversations will culminate in a White Paper to be submitted to Parliament in 2021, with recommendations and a roadmap to further advance women’s protection, interests, and development in Singapore.
    Para 19) Islamic law is applied for certain religious and personal matters pertaining to Muslims in Singapore. The application of Islamic law in Singapore takes into account evolving societal contexts and norms. For instance, in May 2019, the fatwa (religious ruling) on joint tenancy was revised to recognise joint tenancy contracts as religiously valid, without the need for additional documents to effect the right of survivorship. This protects Muslim widows, in particular, from financial distress and uncertainty.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 21) The Independent Expert on older persons noted that although the Constitution guaranteed equality for all persons, it did not explicitly recognize equality on the basis of sex.
    Para 75) The Independent Expert on older persons noted the persistence of patriarchal attitudes and deep-rooted stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men within the family and in society at large. She stated that such stereotypes were not only a root cause of violence against women in the private and public spheres, but also placed women in a disadvantaged position, including in the labour market.

  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Colombia

    Colombia
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Adopt measures to protect the human rights of migrants, in particular foreign domestic workers through the revision of the legislation that establishes deportation in case of pregnancy or diagnostic of sexually-transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS.
    Explanation
    Noted.
    Implementation
    UN Compilation:
    Para 109) [CEDAW] reiterated its previous concern that no measures had been taken to repeal the law requiring migrant workers to undergo mandatory and regular testing for pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, which stipulated that they be deported on the grounds of pregnancy or diagnosis of HIV.
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Marital rape
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    JS3 noted that the Penal Code offered immunity to rapists if they are married to their victims making them liable only to the less charge of "voluntarily causing hurt". [Para 35]
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The CEDAW regretted that Singapore had not yet taken steps to establish an independent national human rights institution with a wide mandate to protect and promote women's human rights. It recommended that Singapore establish, within a clear time frame, such an institution in accordance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles). [Para 10]
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Since October 2014, the Syariah Court has implemented a differentiated case management system for cases involving a high risk of domestic violence. Parties in such cases go through specialised counselling with PAVE, a family violence specialist centre, instead of normal marriage counselling. Video conferencing is also used in these Court sessions to protect the victims of family violence. Although this new policy applies to both genders, it has strengthened the protection of women since most victims of domestic violence are women. [Para 56]
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Thailand

    Thailand
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Circulate and implement the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (Bangkok Rules), which will further enhance administration of justice.
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Afghanistan

    Afghanistan
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Partially Accepted
    Contents:
    Accede to OP-CRC-SC.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 60) Singapore is fully committed to our obligations under the CRC. We are currently considering accession to the OP-CRC-SC. Like the other treaties we accede to, we want to ensure that necessary legislation and resources are in place at the time of accession so that our obligations can be implemented immediately.
  • State Under Review:

    Singapore

    Singapore
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Thailand

    Thailand
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    11th session, May 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Become a party to CRPD... and set a specific time frame for the ratification process
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 69) We ratified the CRPD in July 2013 ...
  • State Under Review:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Forced sterilization
    • Transgender persons' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    32nd Session, January 2019
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CEDAW urged Slovakia to abolish the requirement of compulsory sterilization and surgery for transgender women who wished to obtain legal recognition of their gender. The HR Committee urged Slovakia to develop and implement a legal gender recognition procedure compatible with the provisions of the Covenant. [Para 17]
  • State Under Review:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    32nd Session, January 2019
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The HR Committee recommended that Slovakia increase the participation of women in the public and private sectors, if necessary through appropriate temporary special measures. It encouraged Slovakia to further support the participation of women in high-level and managerial positions and on boards of private enterprises. ... [Para 51]
  • State Under Review:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    32nd Session, January 2019
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The International Labour Organization Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations requested the Government to strengthen its efforts to prevent and eliminate trafficking in children, particularly in Roma girls. [Para 34]
  • State Under Review:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    18th session, February 2014
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    ... CRC recommended that Slovakia revise the draft amendment of the Criminal Code to ensure the full and direct criminal liability of legal persons for offences covered by OP-CRC-SC. Furthermore, CRC requested Slovakia to ensure the full incorporation of the OP-CRC-SC in its domestic legal system. [Para 3]
  • State Under Review:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Source Of Reference:

    Sri Lanka

    Sri Lanka
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    18th session, February 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Reinforce preventive measures for combating trafficking in women and girls for purposes such as sexual exploitation.
    Explanation
    Combating trafficking in human beings, including providing assistance to victims has been among long-term priorities of the Ministry of Interior. Recommendations given to Slovakia regarding trafficking in human beings are fully implemented at national level. The Information Centre for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings fulfils the task of a "national rapporteur" while at the same time serves as a manger of the Human Trafficking information system. The Ministry of Interior acts as an umbrella authority for the Programme of Support and Protection of Victims of Human Trafficking, which ensures comprehensive assistance to victims subject to their individual needs. As a part of combating this phenomenon, Slovakia will continue to raise awareness about trafficking in human beings, also through the campaigns. Slovakia will focus on fulfilling the tasks resulting from the National Programme of Combating Trafficking in Human Beings.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 33) The National Programme for Combating Human Trafficking for the 2011-2014 period and the National Programme for Combating Human Trafficking for the 2015-2018 period contain the National Action Plan for Combating Human Trafficking. The objective of the Programme for the 2015-2018 period is to ensure a comprehensive and effective fight against human trafficking that supports the development of coordinated activities of all stakeholders to reduce risks and prevent crimes of human trafficking, while creating conditions for providing assistance to human trafficking victims and for ensuring protection of their human rights, freedoms and dignity, taking account of gender-related aspects.

    National Report Annex 1:
    The Information Centre for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and Crime Prevention of the MI SR, the SCP OMI, and Departments of Communication and Prevention at Regional Directorates of the PF deal with preventive activities focused on the fight against human trafficking within the MI SR. As of 1 July 2013, the National Unit for Fighting Illegal Migration at the Office of the Border and Foreign Police of the Presidium of the PF is a specialized unit dealing with detecting and investigating crimes of human trafficking.
    Several outreach and education campaigns implemented in the 2014–2017 period focused on preventing human trafficking. A schedule of training courses was created, focusing on increasing the level of professional competence of both government and non-government entities in this field. Staff at MI SR give ad hoc lectures at schools, and for children in children’s care homes, who are a group at risk in terms of human trafficking. In order to provide information to the public, they attend meetings with various formats (conferences, workshops, panel discussions and round tables, breakfasts with journalists).
    The Slovak Republic participated in the “HESTIA – Preventing Human Trafficking and Sham Marriages – a Multidisciplinary Solution” project, financed by the EU.
    As part of its human trafficking prevention efforts, the MI SR implemented a number of outreach and educational campaigns, such as “GIFT BOX Slovakia – People Are Not for Sale” and a film festival to mark the European Day against Trafficking in Human Beings.
    The recommendation has been implemented.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 33) The Committee against Torture was concerned that Slovakia remained a country of origin, transit and destination for human trafficking, in particular for labour and sexual exploitation and forced begging. CEDAW noted with concern the ineffective identification of victims of human trafficking, the lenient sentencing of perpetrators and the vulnerability of Roma women and girls to trafficking for sexual exploitation.
  • State Under Review:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Source Of Reference:

    Finland

    Finland
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    18th session, February 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Assess the implementation of the Strategy for Roma Integration up to 2020 annually and keep Roma NGOs, including women's and children's organizations, actively involved in the implementation and assessment of the strategy.
    Explanation
    Improving the situation of Roma has been a long-term priority of the Government. In this respect, Slovakia will continue to implement the Strategy for Integration of Roma up to 2020 as a reference document for integration policies in the area of education, employment, housing and healthcare. The recommendations to address the housing situation of Roma will be implemented through the existing programmes as well as by taking measures resulting from strategies on improvement the overall access to housing of marginalised Roma communities. Slovakia implements several projects to combat social exclusion and poverty, including the project on field social work, project on community centres (currently under preparation) and the programme to improve access to employment opportunities for disadvantaged job-seekers. Regarding the recommendations on education of Roma children, Slovakia will focus on the implementation of the existing programmes and projects. Detailed information on legislative and institutional measures for the prevention and elimination of discrimination and segregation in education was presented in the National Report and during the UPR . To improve access of Roma to healthcare, the Health Community Project has been implemented since October 2013, with prospects to develop a national project to promote the healthcare of Roma community.
    Implementation
    National Report Annex 1:
    The national project “Monitoring and Evaluation of Inclusive Policies and Their Impact on Marginalised Roma Communities” focuses on a comprehensive system of monitoring and evaluation of inclusive policies. Starting from 2017, based on Resolution No. 87 of the Government of the Slovak Republic of 22 February 2017, annual monitoring reports on the strategy will be presented in May in the following year. The last monitoring report was approved by the Government of the Slovak Republic in 2017 for 2016. As part of the national project “Monitoring and Evaluation”, the Slovak Republic follows other EU member states in preparing a new monitoring and evaluation system, including further specification of indicators. The evaluation of the strategy is planned to take place by 30 June 2019 and by 30 June 2021. The system includes plans for comprehensive engagement of non-governmental organizations in the evaluation process.
    The recommendation has been implemented.
  • State Under Review:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    18th session, February 2014
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CESCR recommended that Slovakia ensure that students receive sexual and reproductive health education at school to avert the risks associated with early pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. [Para 54]
  • State Under Review:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    5th session, May 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Slovakia is also a party to the Palermo Protocol. The definition of trafficking in human beings included in the Penal Code fully reflects the
    definition provided by the Palermo Protocol. [Para 85]