Displaying 376 - 400 of 58126 recommendations found
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State Under Review:AfghanistanAfghanistanRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:5th session, May 2009Status:N/AContents:In order to implement reforms in legal and judicial sectors, the GoA has adopted several national programs including: ... establishment of the Ministry of Women's Affairs as a human rights protecting mechanism for women. [Para 19] -
State Under Review:AfghanistanAfghanistanRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- International human rights instruments
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
- Women's participation
Type:Review DocumentationSession:5th session, May 2009Status:N/AContents:During last seven years Afghanistan has achieved great success in reference to ensuring Women's Rights. The formation of Ministry of Women Affairs in the government structure, joining the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), exerting equal rights of men and women in the Constitution, presence and active participation of women in social, economic and cultural spheres, all are considered major gains in such a relatively short span of time. [Para 79] -
State Under Review:AfghanistanAfghanistanRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:5th session, May 2009Status:Reference AddressedContents:UNICEF noted that there are still enormous gender gaps (in access to education) and that lack of security is a major challenge. [Para 46] -
State Under Review:AfghanistanAfghanistanRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- HIV and AIDS
Type:Review DocumentationSession:5th session, May 2009Status:NeglectedContents:HIV-related stigma and discrimination undermine Afghanistan's responses to the epidemic, because they prevent people from accessing information and important HIV prevention and treatment services. The take-up of HIV counselling and testing services, for example, is low. Discrimination against people living with HIV affects their access to information and knowledge, employment, housing, insurance, social services, education, health, and inheritance rights for women and men. Strong prejudice against people living with HIV has been found in health services. [Para 39] -
State Under Review:AfghanistanAfghanistanRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Marginalized groups of women
Type:Review DocumentationSession:18th session, February 2014Status:N/AContents:Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation, in the light of International Convention of 1951 and protocol of 1967, has signed tripartite agreements (The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Host Country and UNHCR) with 10 host countries to improve social, economic, and educational status of refugees and further protection of their rights. Of these
10 host countries, Afghanistan has held 18 meetings with Islamic Republic of Iran and 23 meetings with Islamic Republic of Pakistan that hosts a bulk of Afghan refugees to solve refugees’ problems. These agreements are revised annually for better and effective support of vulnerable groups like ..., widows and ... whose treatments are not
possible in the host country. [Para 130] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Sexual abuse
- Sex work / "prostitution"
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
- Pornography
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:N/AContents:The Criminal Code provides for a series of provisions which address the domestic violence, also defines the aggravating circumstances when the victim is a minor, a pregnant woman, as well as the consequences brought about by the committal of the criminal offense. The continuous amendments to the Criminal Code have envisaged not only specific provisions to protect children and women against ill-treatment, sexual abuse, trafficking, prostitution, pornography, indecent acts, but also the legal developments in continuation have laid down a considerable increase of the amount of punishment against the perpetrators of these criminal offenses. [Para 97] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:NeglectedContents:Take active steps to amend the Criminal Code and introduce a specific offence of domestic violence. [Para 6] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:PortugalPortugalRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- Intersex persons' rights
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Training for state personnel on sexual rights issues
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Ensure that LGBTI persons are protected from stigma and discrimination in access to healthcare by, inter alia, introducing trainings on LGBTI rights to all health personnel and awareness-raising campaign on equal access to healthcare.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:GhanaGhanaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- HIV and AIDS
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Consider strengthening efforts to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS through regular screening, early diagnosis and distribution of antiretroviral drugs.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:IcelandIcelandRegional groupWEOGIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Ensure the full implementation of the Civil Law “On Measures against Violence in Family Relations” prohibiting the use of mediation or conciliation in cases concerning domestic violence.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:MyanmarMyanmarRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupASEANIssue:
- Sexual violence
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Take further steps to enhance policies for protection and psycho-social support for vulnerable groups, particularly those facing domestic violence, sexual violence and victims of human trafficking.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:GermanyGermanyRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:No ResponseContents:Implement measures to eliminate the practice of customary law and traditional codes of conduct discriminating against women. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:N/AContents:During the reporting period, several other strategies and action plans have been adopted in the fields of, among others, ... sexual and reproductive health, … [Para 20]
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:[CEDAW] … recommended that Albania enforce the legislation effectively and ensure that women were not discriminated against or disadvantaged in matters of inheritance. [Para 32]
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:IsraelIsraelRegional groupWEOGIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Ratify the OP-ICESCR. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:AlgeriaAlgeriaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOICALIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Continue efforts towards combating violence against women and children.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 38) Zero Tolerance of Violence against Women and Domestic Violence is a motto of the Albanian government. Law 47/2018 “On Measures against Violence in Family Relations’ has been amended to ensure compliance with the CoE Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Several protection measures, particularly related to domestic violence, included in Law 18/2017, are: prevention and reduction of cases of domestic violence; prediction of the preliminary emergency protection order; participation of the psychologist and the preparation of a report to the police: increasing the efficiency and cooperation of the responsible structures; increasing qualified judicial support for victims of domestic violence.
Para 39) On December 2017, the Assembly of the RoA approved the Resolution "On combating violence against women and girls and increasing the effectiveness of legal mechanisms for its prevention", and established the Permanent Parliamentary Subcommittee on Gender Equality and Prevention of violence against women.
Para 40) Amendments of the Criminal Code, recognising domestic violence, sexual violence, engagement in sexual activity by use of force between spouses or cohabitants and enforced disappearance against pregnant women, children and unprotected persons as a criminal offence.
Para 41) Law "On legal aid", which entered into force on 1 June 2018, provide access to justice for individuals with economic difficulties including disadvantaged groups. The law defines conditions, procedures and rules on administration of legal aid guaranteed by the state, equal access to the justice system, professional legal aid, and state institutions responsible for administering legal aid. This law provides as beneficiaries of stateguaranteed legal aid regardless of their income and property, expressly victims of domestic violence, sexually abused victims and victims of trafficking in human beings, to other categories such as child victims and juveniles in conflict with the law, persons in social care, persons without legal capacity to act and victims of discriminatory behavior.
Para 42) Law No.22 / 2018 "On Social Housing", with regard of social housing programs provides for priority in terms of securing social housing victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking and potential victims of trafficking.
Para 43) The National Strategy on Gender Equality and Action Plan 2016-2020 provides specific objectives, indicators and budgets for each activity. The National Strategy and Action Plan on Gender Equality 2016–2020 provides for a comprehensive multi-sectoral response to gender-based violence and domestic violence and contains several measures on preventing and addressing violence against women, children and supporting the women and child victims. Para 44) National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for cases of violence in family relations was established at the local level in 60 municipalities (out of the then total of 61 municipalities), as well employees for gender equality, with the role of local coordinators against domestic violence. Since 2016 are adopted standards of services for victims of domestic violence. There is need for a multidisciplinary, rapid and effective approach, for national and local government units' awareness on budgeting of gender priorities, applying for funding to provide social services for victims of domestic violence.
Para 45) The State Police has established a telephone service number 129 or 11 for all emergencies which operates 24 hours in 7 days. Since 2017, the Free Counselling Line 116- 117, is offering free of charge primary service of psycho-emotional support, counselling and assistance for the referral of violence, in a secure and confidential environment. National service counselling standards for victims of domestic violence were adopted.
Para 46) An increase in reporting and cases management, particularly in cases of domestic violence, has been evidenced by the State Police. During 2016–2018, there are in total 13661 cases of domestic violence: 6187 claims for Emergency Protection Orders and Protection Orders (EPO / PO-7837 women and girls identified as victims of violence. 7847 lawsuits for EPO/PO.
Para 47) According to the General Prosecution Office, in relation with criminal offense "Domestic Violence" from 2016–2018, the number of recorded criminal proceedings is: 3566 cases, with an increase of percentage year by year. The Prosecution Office submitted before the court over 79% of the criminal proceedings cases.
Para 48) An online registration system on statistical data on domestic violence at the local level is operational. National Data System on domestic violence cases at the local level (REVALB) is used by 22 municipalities. Local violence coordinators in each municipality collect data on cases identified and addressed by the Referral Mechanism for Addressing Cases of Domestic Violence (Referral Mechanism). The system registers every case of violence identified and addressed by the local referral mechanism.
Para 49) There are 6 non-public centers providing residential services (2 in Tirana, 1 in Berat, 1 in Korca, 1 in Elbasan, 1 in Vlora). In December 2018, was opened a Crisis Management Center for Victims of Sexual Violence “Lilium Center”, at the premises of the Tirana University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa". This Center provides 24/7 integrated services to victims of sexual violence by a multidisciplinary team. Standards of this Center were approved by Instruction of the Minister of Health and Social Protection in November 2018.
Para 50) The awareness raising activities have been organized by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection within “the 16 days of activism against gender based violence and domestic violence” (25 November-10 December yearly), in close cooperation with line ministries, civil society organisations, international organizations.
UN Compilation:
Para 29) The United Nations country team noted that legislation on gender equality, nondiscrimination and domestic violence had improved, and that Albania was implementing the third National Strategy on Gender Equality for 2016–2020. CEDAW welcomed the amendment to the Labour Code that defined and reversed the burden of proof in cases of sexual harassment, …
Para 30) The United Nations country team noted that the amendments made in 2018 to the law on measures against domestic violence had improved the legal definition of domestic violence, … CEDAW was concerned about the prevalence of gender-based violence, the low rate of reporting of cases of gender-based violence against women, the insufficient implementation of the national referral mechanism, the insufficient number of shelters for victims of gender-based violence and the restrictive criteria for admission to those shelters, and the frequent failure to enforce protection orders and emergency protection orders. The country team made similar observations and highlighted that women from disadvantaged groups faced additional barriers to accessing services.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 15) Joint Submission 2 (JS2) reported that the Criminal Procedure Code was amended by Law no. 35/2017 and for the first time stipulated the procedural rights of victims of trafficking and sexual violence. It stated, however, that the country’s legislation did not guarantee the victims’ compensation. Under the Criminal Procedure Code, the State had the sole and exclusive ownership over the assets obtained through the seizure of criminal proceeds.
Para 26) JS5 reported that domestic violence remained a widespread problem in Albania and exceeded all other crimes as the offence with the largest number of victims.78 It stated that there had been an increase in the number of prosecutions for repeat offenses and for violating civil orders for protection.
Para 27) JS5 and JS2 reported that the recent amendments to the Law “On measures against violence in domestic relations” 7/2018, for the first time, provided for Emergency Protection Orders by the State Police. JS5 also reported that article 130/a of the Criminal Code defined domestic violence, but did not cover current or former partners where the victim and perpetrator were not married or did not live together. Both, JS5 and JS2 reported that the Law “On Free Legal Aid provided by the State” 111/2017, which provided the right for victims of domestic violence to obtain legal assistance, had not been fully implemented.
Para 29) According to JS5, victims of sexual violence received little protection and few services as the country did not have rape crisis centers or sexual violence referral centers. Victims also faced problems accessing short-term housing with the number of shelters in the country and their capacity being insufficient.
Para 30) JS5 further observed that the number of protection orders increased by one third due to increased awareness by victims of domestic violence, as well as the increased accountability of responsible institutions in addressing domestic violence. JS5 noted that courts dismissed an alarming number of protection order cases mostly because the petitioner had asked to withdraw the request or because the offender had failed to show up to the court hearing or following reconciliation.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:ThailandThailandRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupASEANIssue:
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Consider improving assistance, including medical and social services, and shelter for trafficking victims, particularly women and children.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 51) Legal and institutional framework in the field of trafficking is improved, and includes amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code (Law 35/2017) and an improved position and access to the criminal process for the victim. Law ‘On Social Care Services’ places a requirement on all institutions responsible for treatment of a trafficked persons to take all specific measures and actions for their assistance and support, in order to find a lasting solution. Law ‘On State Police’ provides for additional safeguards for the protection and comprehensive support for victims of trafficking, especially women and children. Para 52) The National Strategy on the Fight against Human Trafficking 2018-2020 is organised around four main pillars (investigation and criminal prosecution, victim protection and assistance, prevention, and coordination), with a budget for its activities. The Cross-sectoral Strategy on the Fight against Organised Crime, Illicit Trafficking and Terrorism 2013–2020, increasing the efforts in the fight against trafficking of persons. Strengthening international and inter-institutional cooperation with all stakeholders, in particular with the Serious Crimes Prosecution Office, which deals with trafficking cases of women, vulnerable groups and children.
UN Compilation:
Para 19) The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination welcomed the National Strategy on the Fight against Human Trafficking for 2018–2020,49 but was concerned that Roma and Egyptian women and children were disproportionately overrepresented among victims of trafficking. CEDAW was concerned that Albania remained a source and destination country for trafficking in women and girls, especially for trafficking linked to tourism in coastal areas.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 13) In 2016, the Council of Europe Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (CoE-GRETA) … … referred to a surge in the number of female victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and child victims trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation and/or begging during the tourist season.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:FranceFranceRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Strengthen the legislation and the national action plan to fight trafficking in persons, in order to end the sexual exploitation of children.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 12) Law No. 7895/1995 “On the Criminal Code” has undergone a series of amendments, including definition of several criminal offences, and provided for more severe criminal sentences in the field of gender-based violence and child protection, including for sexual abuse and economic exploitation of children.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 13) In 2016, the Council of Europe Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (CoE-GRETA) … … referred to a surge in the number of female victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation and child victims trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation and/or begging during the tourist season.
Para 36) JS1 reported of constantly increasing numbers of crimes of sexual nature, including against children. It stated that the low rate of reporting to the police and consequently to the justice system was mainly due to the associated shame.114 CoE-Commissioner noted the amendments to the Criminal Code which provided for safeguards for the protection of children from sexual crimes and economic exploitation, increased the maximum sentence for crimes of child sexual abuse and added a new offence criminalising violence of a sexual nature in the Criminal Code.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Family planning
- Abortion
- Sex selection / "foeticide"
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:NeglectedContents:... CESCR recommended that Albania prevent sex-selective abortions, including by reducing the recourse to abortion through expanded and improved family planning services. [Para 52] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:N/AContents:Since 2011, the Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings has been functioning in line with the reviewed agreement of the National Referral Mechanism for VP/PVT, functioning in 24 municipalities so far. While in 2011 was established Mechanism coordinating the work of referring cases of violence in family relations based on the law "On measures against violence in family relations". [Para 19] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Gender equality
- Gender perspective in policies, programmes
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:N/AContents:Pursuant to the law, the established bodies responsible for the progress of gender equality are: (a) National Council of Gender Equality, chaired by the Minister of Labor, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, an advisory body that prepares proposals, recommendations for the Government and other central and local institutions. It is committed to the adoption and promotion of measures on the attainment of gender equality, ensuring of gender integration in all areas, especially in political, social, economic and cultural ones; (b) The authority responsible for the implementation of this law and state programs on gender equality is the Minister of Labor, through the Directorate of Equal Opportunities Policies; (c) The network of gender employees at central and local level. [Para 92] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Sexual abuse
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:NeglectedContents:Fulfil the rights of orphans to special protection throughout their childhood, as well as their other rights, including to education, and to protection from neglect, ill-treatment and sexual abuse or exploitation, as set out in the CRC. [Para 21] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Training for state personnel on sexual rights issues
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:Reference AddressedContents:CESCR and CAT were concerned about the pervasiveness of domestic violence, abuse and ill-treatment against women and children. CESCR urged Albania to provide training to law enforcement officials and judges. [Para 28] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:CyprusCyprusRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupEUOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- Early marriage
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Set a minimum legal age of marriage to 18 years.
ExplanationThe Family Code of Albania (Article 7 – Age for marriage) provide the legal age of marriage, namely: “Marriage can be concluded between a man and a woman who are 18 years or older. The court in the location where the marriage is to be concluded may, for sufficient reasons, allow marriage prior to this age”.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SerbiaSerbiaRegional groupEEGIssue:
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Step up the fight against trafficking in women and girls, especially those related to tourism in coastal areas by conducting investigations, prosecutions and convictions of traffickers, including state officials complicit in this crime.