UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 37301 - 37325 of 58128 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended that Nigeria explore investment and employment opportunities for women through investments in renewable energy while combating the adverse effects of climate change in the context of its efforts to implement Sustainable Development Goals 5, 7 and 13. [Para 19]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sex work / "prostitution"
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    JS5 stated that ... female sex workers ... had experienced significant discrimination, influenced by traditional culture as well as religious moral values. [Para 15]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Canada

    Canada
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OAS
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Gender equality
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    That Nigeria's President and National Assembly not approve the "Same Gender Marriage Bill" and eliminate all existing legislation that discriminates based on gender and sexual orientation.
    Explanation
    Nigeria does not accept this recommendation because same-sex marriage is against its national values. Recent polling data suggests that 92% of Nigerians support the Anti Same-Sex Marriage Bill passed by the Senate.

    The Marriage Act defines marriage as a relationship between a man and a woman. Christianity and Islam, which are the major religions in Nigeria, also recognize marriage as relationship between a man and woman. Same-sex marriage is not in the culture of Nigerians.

    Sexual and gender minorities are not visible in Nigeria and there is no officially registered association of gays and lesbians. In writing this report, a consultation and validation process was held with various stakeholders where the issue of same-sex marriage was brought up, and the general view of the participants was that same-sex marriage was not a human rights issue in Nigeria.
    Implementation
    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 35) CHRI stated that in November 2012, the House of Representatives unanimously passed a second reading of the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Bill. If this Bill is passed it would further entrench discrimination against persons based on sexual orientation.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual harassment
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Noted the prevalence of sexual harassment in the workplace and the absence of legislation and measures to address this. [Para 46; CEDAW]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Outcome Report

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Comment
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Foster intercultural and interreligious dialogue to combat religious intolerance against women in the northern provinces.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    • Gender equality
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • HIV and AIDS
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Further, the provisions of the National Gender Policy 2007, National Reproductive Health Policy and Strategy 2001, National Policy on HIV-AIDS 2003, National Policy on Health 1998 and 2004, the National Policy on the Elimination of FGM 1998 and 2002, National Adolescent Health Policy 1995, National Policy on Maternal and Child Health 1994, constitute the key policy frameworks that seek to promote the survival, development, protection and participation rights of women and children to achieve quality reproductive and sexual health in Nigeria. [Para 14]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    The Strategy for the Acceleration of Girls' Education in Nigeria seeks to achieve gender parity in access to, retention, completion and achievement in basic education by 2015. Significant progress has been recorded all over the country. [Para 20]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Gender equality
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Other initiatives include: ...
    (b) the establishment of a National Gender Data Bank for the purpose of generating and analysing data on the prevalence and pattern of violence against women and discriminatory practices; ...
    (d) the establishment of National Policy and Plan of Action for the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria 2002, with 11 States of the Federation having passed similar legislation prohibiting female genital mutilation; ...
    [Para 71]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    CERD in 2005, and CEDAW in 2008 noted with concern that the provision regarding the acquisition of nationality as laid down in the Constitution did not appear to comply fully with the Convention, since it stipulated that a foreign man was unable to acquire Nigerian nationality in the same manner as a foreign woman. [Para 16]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    A 2001 CCA report noted that bringing charges of wife-battering and similar crimes to court is difficult since the entire system of justice reflects the gender bias that tolerates domestic violence. [Para 36]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Netherlands

    Netherlands
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Pursue the full implementation of its expressed commitment to prohibit all forms of violence against women, and to prevent illegal trafficking of women and girls, and take into account in this regard, among others, the recommendations of the United Nations treaty bodies.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 14) ... The strategy adopted in the blueprint for promoting gender equality and women empowerment is by systematic gender mainstreaming in all policies and programmes of government, through the incorporation of the principles laid out in the newly revised National Gender Policy, national laws and other regional and international human rights instruments that support gender equality and women empowerment. There are various gender related bills, currently pending in the National Assembly and government is deploying resources to expedite their passage into law.

    Para 60) Since the establishment of the Federal Ministry of Women and Social Development and its equivalents in the States, efforts have been made to consolidate and strengthen policies and programmes which will eliminate violence against women and provide support for victims. A product of these efforts is the Violence Against Persons Bill being considered in the National Assembly.

    Para 64) The Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development is engaged in continuous advocacy to legislators, policy makers and other stakeholders on the imperative to pass the CEDAW bill currently pending before the National Assembly. Government has taken necessary steps also to engage traditional and religious leaders on the importance of eradicating negative cultural practices from their communities. Some States of the federation have passed laws eradicating some of these practices, including Female Genital Mutilation and harmful widowhood rights.

    Para 65) Various actions are being taken, including strengthening of laws and policies as well as their implementation, strengthening of human resources and police institutional reforms to eradicate negative cultural practices at the Federal and state levels.

    Para 66) Nigeria in its efforts to improve the rights of women and ensuring that all administrative and policy bottlenecks that hinder women from exercising their rights as guaranteed under the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and other international instruments of human rights, adopted a Gender Policy by approving the establishment of Gender Desks in all Ministries, Departments and Agencies of government with a view to mainstreaming gender issues in all their activities.

    Para 68) The Government has established a National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons (NAPTIP) with a mandate to combat human trafficking, protect, assist and give vocational training to trafficked persons.

    Para 69) Government has also taken preventive measures against human trafficking through public enlightenment campaigns involving the Police, NAPTIP, some diplomatic missions, State governments, NGOs and other stakeholders.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Netherlands

    Netherlands
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Further pursue that its existing legislation at federal, state and local levels fully complies with CRC.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 24) The executive arm of government has engaged with the Principal Officers of the National Assembly and State Houses of Assembly with a view to accelerating the process of passing into law all human rights-based bills.

    Para 25) The Government is making efforts to ensure the enactment into law pending human rights related bills before the National Assembly within the tenure of this administration as a demonstration of its commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights in Nigeria.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 1) NHRC stated that since its Universal Period Review, Nigeria has acceded to and/or ratified key human rights instruments. However, most of these treaties were yet to be enacted into domestic legislation.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Chile

    Chile
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Violence on the basis of sexual orientation
    • Violence on the basis of gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ensure full territorial coverage by the Law on Prohibiting Violence against Persons, especially Article 37, in order to ensure that all, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender, will be able to find legal reparation for the violence they suffered from.
    Explanation
    Noted.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Russian Federation

    Russian Federation
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    CIS
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue to strengthen the regime for the protection of the rights of the child in accordance with the obligations under the CRC.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Namibia

    Namibia
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure that Violence Against Persons Act and the 2017-2021 National Strategy to end child marriage are fully implemented in all states.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Cape Verde

    Cape Verde
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure more effective protection of children and better promotion of their well-being in every dimension, particularly with respect to trafficking and sexual exploitation, excisions, early marriages and forced labour.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 40) … b) … Sections 30-33 of the Child Rights Act also prohibit the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography;
    Para 40) … d) The Launch of a Campaign to End Child Marriage in Nigeria and a National Strategy to End Child Marriage in Nigeria 2017-2021.
    Para 66) The Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution (IPCR) … is concerned with the conditions of vulnerable groups in conflict situation such as the women and children that are mostly victims, whether … forced as … sex slaves, ‘wives’ etc.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 42) CEDAW was concerned that Nigeria remained a source, transit and destination country for trafficking in persons, particularly women and girls, for purposes of sexual and labour exploitation.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 52) JS4 stated that Nigeria had been a source, transit and destination country for trafficking of children for sexual exploitation. Discussions had been ongoing among government ministries on the formulation of a new national action plan.
    Para 53) JS15 stated that … girls were at risk of being trafficked to other parts of the country to work as “house-helps”.
    Para 88) JS12 expressed concern about the high rates of child marriage and the need to address the underlying factors that contributed to early marriage. JS16 stated that state legislation on the minimum age of marriage varied from state to state.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Venezuela

    Venezuela
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue to strengthen social programmes in favour of most vulnerable groups, especially women and children.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Egypt

    Egypt
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    OIF
    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Strengthen its policies to provide care and support for children infected or affected by HIV/AIDS, particularly those orphaned.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 24) Nigeria had enacted the following laws to incorporate the international human rights instruments to which Nigeria is a party: … (d) HIV/AIDS (Anti-Discrimination) Act 2014;

    UN Compilation:
    Para 58) [CEDAW] noted with concern … the fact that Nigeria had one of the highest HIV rates in the world, which disproportionately affected women and girls, especially women in prostitution, and the prevalence of malaria.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 14) While noting the enactment of HIV/AIDS (Anti-discrimination) Act, 2014, which aimed to protect the rights and dignity of all persons living with and affected by HIV, JS12 stated that discrimination against and violation of the rights of people living with HIV had persisted.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Philippines

    Philippines
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts in addressing violence against women and children particularly in crisis-affected areas.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Sierra Leone

    Sierra Leone
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Adopt measures to address the high rate of early marriages among girls in the northern states of Nigeria, including a review of legislation permitting marriage of those under 18 years of age and undertaking awareness-raising programmes on the negative implications of early marriage.
    Explanation
    The delegation stated that Nigeria was unable, at this time, to accept Recommendations 137.26 and 137.27 on the issue of early marriage. Marriage fell within the concurrent jurisdiction of the Federal Government and the State Governments. At the Federal level, the National Assembly has passed the Child Rights Act, which prohibits the marriage of any girl-child below the age of 18. To ensure a nation-wide application of this principle, the Federal Government has stepped up advocacy to encourage the various State Governments to enact their own version of the Child Rights law. Twenty-six of the 36 states have, to date, enacted the desired Child Rights laws. In addition, the Government at all levels is engaged in advocacy to discourage girl-child marriages through various measures, including subsidized education for girls.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 40) … d) The Launch of a Campaign to End Child Marriage in Nigeria and a National Strategy to End Child Marriage in Nigeria 2017-2021.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 88) JS12 expressed concern about the high rates of child marriage and the need to address the underlying factors that contributed to early marriage. JS16 stated that state legislation on the minimum age of marriage varied from state to state.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Ethiopia

    Ethiopia
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Strengthen the effort to alleviate harmful traditional practices affecting the human rights of women and children.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CRC urged Nigeria to (a) combat the belief in witchcraft involving children; (b) criminalize such accusations; (c) prosecute the authors of crimes committed on the basis of this belief; (d) undertake awareness-raising programmes; and (e) regulate those religious institutions found to have engaged in such practices. [Para 26]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    United States

    United States
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OAS
    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    • Transgender persons' rights
    • Violence on the basis of sexual orientation
    • Violence on the basis of gender identity
    Type:
    Question
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    What steps is the government taking to stop arbitrary/pre-textual arrests of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons, and how is the government protecting these individuals from violence?
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CHRI recommended that Nigeria ratify the OP-ICESCR ... [Para 11]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Nigeria has considered requests for visit by a number of Special Procedures Mandate Holders and agreed to receive ... Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women ... [Para 42]

    [Note: this information also corresponds to the implementation of a recommendation beyond the scope of this database.]

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