UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 37151 - 37175 of 58126 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    South Sudan

    South Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    38th Session, May 2021
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Implement the amendment, in 2019, of the law establishing the quota system to increase the rate of female representation from 15 per cent to 25 per cent for elected positions and from 25 per cent to 30 per cent for appointed positions.
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Oman

    Oman
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    38th Session, May 2021
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Advance the implementation of the program to protect children from sexual exploitation, child labor and the use of children in armed conflict.
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    10th session, February 2011
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Recommended that Niger, in its policies and programmes, clearly distinguish between general social and economic policies and programmes that are adopted to implement the Convention, and temporary special measures which are aimed at accelerating the achievement of the de facto equality of women. [Para 6; CEDAW]
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Chile

    Chile
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Accelerate the withdrawal of its reservations to the CEDAW, to fully comply with the provisions of the Convention, and introduce plans and programs to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women.
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Mexico

    Mexico
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Review the legislation to eliminate provisions that may discriminate against women and girls and harmonize it with the CEDAW.
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    South Sudan

    South Sudan
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue taking further measures to eliminate female genital mutilation.
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovenia

    Slovenia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure the equal right to quality education for young mothers and married girls.
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Forced marriage
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    24th session, January 2016
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    The Special Rapporteur on slavery ... stated that the inequality in the minimum legal age for marriage in the Civil Code, which was set at 15 years for girls and 18 for boys, constituted direct discrimination against girls. OHCHR recommended establishing a mechanism for nullifying forced marriages. [Para 23]
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    China

    China
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    10th session, February 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue to adopt measures in order to reduce effectively maternal mortality rate and child and infant mortality rates.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 33) In order to improve public health, the Niger has prepared a Health Development Plan, which provides for the implementation of strategies specific to issues such as ... maternal and neonatal mortality rates ...

    UN Compilation:
    Para 46) The country team noted that the Niger had drafted health development plans together with strategies and programmes intended to improve the population's access to health. It also noted that according to one report, the Niger had made significant progress as regards life expectancy between 1980 and 2013, and in particular had reduced the under-five and the maternal mortality rates ...

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 49) WV indicated that the programme for free maternal and infant health care had generated increased demand for health care. Although the results demonstrated remarkable progress, further work was needed. A considerable number of patients were still outside the system, because it was underfunded.
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Polygamy
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    10th session, February 2011
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    "The Civil Code states that men under the age of 18 years and women under the age
    of 15 years may not enter into marriage. Customary law does not set a legal marriageable
    age. Polygamous marriage is governed by customary law and religion. Polygamous unions
    are widespread in both rural and urban areas. There has been little change in the frequency
    of polygamy: 38 per cent of women and 24 per cent of men were in polygamous unions in
    2008, as compared to 36 per cent and 22 per cent, respectively, in 2006. [Para 107]"
  • State Under Review:

    Niger

    Niger
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    10th session, February 2011
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    "The Coordination des ONG et Associations Féminines Nigériennes (CONGAFEN)
    reports that support from women in parliament for the Optional Protocol to the Convention
    on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women has been weak and that
    there has been a lack of information and genuine debate about the Protocol. There has been
    hesitation from the Government, which is evident from the reservations entered at the time
    the Convention was ratified. There has also been a lack of coordination among civil society
    organizations in calling for the withdrawal of the reservations to the Convention and the
    ratification of the Protocol. [Para 2]"
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended that Nigeria intensify its efforts to rescue all women and girls abducted by Boko Haram insurgents, ensure their rehabilitation and integration into society and provide them and their families with access to psychosocial and other rehabilitative services. [Para 30]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • Other
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    JS3 stated that kidnapping for ransom had risen. There had been a spike in kidnappings on the Kaduna-Abuja road, despite a large security deployment. Furthermore, of the 276 female students who had been abducted from the Government Secondary school in Chibok in 2014, 113 girls had been unaccounted for. In February 2018, 110 girls had been abducted from the Government Girls Science and Technical College in Dapchi, Yobe State, 105 of who had since been returned. Five girls had reportedly died. [Para 34]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Paraguay

    Paraguay
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Step up efforts aimed at eliminating harmful cultural practices, which hamper the full respect for the human rights of women.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 26) Section 34 (1) (a) of the Constitution protects the dignity of human person by stating that every individual is entitled to respect to the dignity of his or her person and accordingly no person shall be subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment. Nigeria has implemented this recommendation through the enactment of the Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act 2015(VAPPA). This Act eliminates violence in private and public life; prohibit all forms of violence including physical, sexual, psychological, domestic violence; harmful traditional practices; discrimination against persons and provide maximum protection and effective remedies for victims and punishment of offenders.
    Para 38) Section 34 (1) (a) of the Constitution protects the dignity of human person by stating that every individual is entitled to respect to the dignity of his or her person and accordingly no person shall be subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment. In addition, the following legislative measures aim at combating harmful cultural practices. Legislative measures: (a) Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act 2015; (b) … (d) Prohibition of Child trafficking by the Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement and Administration Act 2015;
    Para 98) The challenges contained in the second cycle UPR report remain the same, though the current federal and state governments are working very hard to overcome these challenges and several reforms and initiatives are yielding positive results. Some of the main challenges are: … (e) Difficulties in breaking through entrenched mind set on harmful traditional practices affecting the human rights of women and children.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 8) Referring to the relevant recommendations from the previous review, the United Nations country team stated that Nigeria had given effect to some of its treaty obligations by adopting … the Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act (2015).
    Para 48) [CEDAW] was also concerned that no specific measures had been taken to eradicate polygamous relationships.
    Para 65) The Special Rapporteurs on health, on sale of children and on slavery noted that the Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act prohibited all forms of violence and criminalized marital rape, female genital mutilation, forceful ejection from home and harmful widowhood practices. The Special Rapporteurs recommended that Nigeria ensure that the Act was adopted in those states that had yet to do so.
    Para 67) Referring to the relevant recommendations from the previous review, the United Nations country team stated that the Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act prohibited female genital mutilation, which had been banned in 12 of the 36 states. The country team considered the implementation of those recommendations to be ongoing.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Canada

    Canada
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OAS
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Forced marriage
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Urgently address child, early and forced marriage by putting in place legislation that clarifies the legal age for marriage, honouring commitments made in the country's last UPR to prevent and eliminate the practice.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 40) … d) The Launch of a Campaign to End Child Marriage in Nigeria and a National Strategy to End Child Marriage in Nigeria 2017-2021.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 88) JS12 expressed concern about the high rates of child marriage and the need to address the underlying factors that contributed to early marriage. JS16 stated that state legislation on the minimum age of marriage varied from state to state.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Uruguay

    Uruguay
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Birth registration
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Step up efforts to guarantee free and compulsory birth registration for all children via public awareness-raising campaign on the importance of the registration of births.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Czechia

    Czechia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Revise laws discriminating against LGBTI persons, including refraining from signing into law any new legislation criminalizing LGBTIs.
    Implementation
    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 10) JS8 stated that … Nigeria had continued to allow the violation of the rights of the LGBT population, despite its obligations to protect those rights arising from several international human rights conventions to which it was a party.
    Para 11) JS5 recalled that Nigeria had not supported any of the recommendations from the previous review that inter alia related to the repealing of those laws that discriminated based on sexual orientation and gender identity.16 Certain provisions in the Criminal Code, Penal Code and the National Law and Drug Enforcement Act had disproportionately affected gay men, … The Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act had negative consequences beyond the deprivation of marriage rights for gay men and women. JS5 stated that, under Sharia law the penalty for homosexuality was death. The Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act of 2015, had done little to protect gay men, female sex workers and intravenous drug users as vulnerable populations. AFA stated that the Act was yet to be incorporated into domestic legislation in all states.
    Para 12) JS8 stated that expansive provisions of the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act had served to codify homophobia and transphobia. JS12 stated that the Act, which generally criminalized same sex relationships, had created additional criminal offences that targeted persons based on their sexual orientation. JS8 stated that the Act had effectively legalized discrimination and had allowed people to act with impunity. Since its enactment there had been an increase in crimes and human rights violations against LGBT persons and their defenders. JS13 stated that the Act and other discriminatory laws had been used to subject the LGBT community to violations including invasion of privacy, assault and battery, black mail and extortion, denial of access to amenities and education.
    Para 13) Referring to a relevant study, JS12 noted a significant increase in fear in seeking healthcare services by men who had sex with men after the enactment of the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act (2014). JS13 stated that sections 5(2) and (3) of the Act had hindered access to Anti-Retroviral Vaccines, HIV testing and counselling services. JS8 stated that LGBT persons had experienced difficulties in accessing health care services. The denial of such services would have a negative impact on Nigeria’s progress towards HIV eradication.
    Para 15) JS5 stated that gay men, … had experienced significant discrimination, influenced by traditional culture as well as religious moral values.
    Para 64) JS13 stated that LGBT persons had been subjected to forced, violent and arbitrary evictions.
    Para 75) JS8 stated that homophobic bullying in schools had proven to be a serious impairment to adequate access to education. There had also been a failure to provide comprehensive and inclusive education on sexual orientation and gender identity in schools.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    16th session, May 2013
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CRC urged Nigeria to (a) protect children from trafficking and sale; (b) improve the situation of children who were at risk, especially girls; and (c) investigate and prosecute alleged perpetrators. [Para 31]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    JS7 stated that all applicable laws should incorporate a definition of child prostitution in line with article 2 of OP-CRC-SC, and should be applicable to all girls and boys under the age of 18 years. [Para 14]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Some of the challenges and constraints in promoting and protecting human rights are: e) Difficulties in breaking through entrenched mindsets on harmful traditional practices. [Para 121]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Sexual minorities are not visible in Nigeria, and there is no officially registered association of gay and lesbians. No sexual minority or their representatives attended the Forum. However, in spite of this the issue was brought up at the Forum, and the views of more than 90 per cent of the participants was that Gay-Lesbian relationship or same-sex marriage was not a human rights issue in Nigeria. The laws of Nigeria recognize marriage as a relationship between a man and a woman. However, like every democracy, those who want a change in the existing laws have to come out and lobby for the change they desire. [Para 76]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Canada

    Canada
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OAS
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Gender equality
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    That Nigeria's President and National Assembly not approve the "Same Gender Marriage Bill" and eliminate all existing legislation that discriminates based on gender and sexual orientation.
    Explanation
    Nigeria does not accept this recommendation because same-sex marriage is against its national values. Recent polling data suggests that 92% of Nigerians support the Anti Same-Sex Marriage Bill passed by the Senate.

    The Marriage Act defines marriage as a relationship between a man and a woman. Christianity and Islam, which are the major religions in Nigeria, also recognize marriage as relationship between a man and woman. Same-sex marriage is not in the culture of Nigerians.

    Sexual and gender minorities are not visible in Nigeria and there is no officially registered association of gays and lesbians. In writing this report, a consultation and validation process was held with various stakeholders where the issue of same-sex marriage was brought up, and the general view of the participants was that same-sex marriage was not a human rights issue in Nigeria.
    Implementation
    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 35) CHRI stated that in November 2012, the House of Representatives unanimously passed a second reading of the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Bill. If this Bill is passed it would further entrench discrimination against persons based on sexual orientation.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    CERD remained concerned that members of ethnic communities of the Muslim faith, in particular, Muslim women, could be subjected to harsher sentences than other Nigerians. [Para 17]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    Nigeria's CSO Coalition on the Universal Periodic Review joint submission indicated that Nigeria has neither "domesticated" CEDAW nor implemented the Beijing Platform for Action ... [Para 2]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    It also indicated that the risks of maternal death are even greater for Nigerian women in the northern region of the country, for rural women, low income women and women without formal education; the majority of these deaths being preventable. NHRC expressed similar concerns. [Para 50]

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