UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 52226 - 52250 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Bahrain

    Bahrain
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Adopt appropriate measures for the protection of women.
    Implementation
    "National Report:
    Para 79) The Personal and Family Code prohibits customary practices that constitute violence or discrimination against women, especially discriminatory practices against widows, levirate and sororate (art. 411). The age of marriage is now 18 years for both sexes (art. 43). The law does not take into account the nature or the origin of assets and does not distinguish between the sexes in the settlement of estates (art. 414). It should also be noted that the provisions of article 99 of the Family Code now give responsibility as head of household to both spouses.
    Para 80) A national communication strategy targeting cultural or traditional practices that incite violence or discrimination against women, including female genital mutilation, as well as early marriage has also been implemented with the support of UNICEF. The strategy focuses on the involvement of the primary representatives of decentralized administrations and grass-roots organizations, namely prefects, traditional chiefs and religious leaders, representatives of the various religious denominations and village development committees. For example, eight regional consultations and two national consultations were organized and led to the signing of commitments by these different opinion leaders to become more involved or take initiatives to eradicate traditional practices harmful to children.
    Para 81) Other action has been taken:

    - Implementation of the National Strategy to Combat Gender-Based Violence;
    - Establishment of a special fund for the judicial and medical care of victims of sexual violence with the support of partners;
    - Integration of the prevention of violence in social and education policies;
    - Establishment of counselling centres in all regional social work directorates;
    - Training and awareness-raising on violence and discrimination against women for 80 justice officials (bailiffs, notaries, judges and criminal investigation police officers) (2015);
    - Awareness-raising among more than 10,000 students, apprentices, employers and teachers about sexual harassment and rape in the five regional capitals (2013);
    - Training of 31 counselling centre managers on psychological care for victims of gender-based violence (2012)."
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Norway

    Norway
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Other
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take steps to ensure that female prisoners are guarded by female prison officers exclusively.
    Implementation
    "National Report:
    Para 37) Regarding conditions of detention and custody, the following measures have been taken: ... Since 2012, female prisoners are guarded by female prison officers
    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 8) According to the NHRC, the prison policy of Togo has improved since 2005 under the Emergency Programme to Support the Prison Sector, with an increase in the prison administration budget of 87.5 per cent, the recruitment and deployment of male and female security officers and training courses for criminal investigators.
    Para 42) Female detainees are not guarded by female prison officers at all times, although female guards perform certain functions, such as body searches."
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Marshall Islands

    Marshall Islands
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    PIF
    Issue:
    • Marital rape
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Amend the Criminal Code to include a specific definition of domestic violence and to align the penalty prescribed for marital rape with that prescribed for rape in general.
    Explanation
    Noted.
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    France

    France
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Effectively combat all forms of discrimination, including those based on sexual orientation and gender identity and to decriminalize same sex relations.
    Explanation
    Noted.
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Luxembourg

    Luxembourg
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Adapt regulations to ensure access to sexual and reproductive health services and comprehensive sexuality education for men, women, girls and boys across the country.
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Nepal

    Nepal
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Carry out effective policies to enhance gender equality in the political and public life.
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Burkina Faso

    Burkina Faso
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue the efforts undertaken towards the total eradication of female genital mutilation, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic.
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Zambia

    Zambia
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Forced marriage
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure the abolition of all forms of early and forced marriage, including consider increasing the minimum age of marriage to 18 years for girls.
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Brazil

    Brazil
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Marital rape
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Speed up legislative reforms to make acts of violence against women such as domestic violence and marital rape offenses under the criminal code.
    Implementation
    "National Report:
    Para 79) The Personal and Family Code prohibits customary practices that constitute violence or discrimination against women, especially discriminatory practices against widows, levirate and sororate (art. 411). The age of marriage is now 18 years for both sexes (art. 43). The law does not take into account the nature or the origin of assets and does not distinguish between the sexes in the settlement of estates (art. 414). It should also be noted that the provisions of article 99 of the Family Code now give responsibility as head of household to both spouses.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 18) AFPT noted that spousal violence has not been incorporated into the new Criminal Code."
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Forced marriage
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    The HR Committee stated that Togo should urgently: (a) review national laws, including customary laws, that deal with the status of women and repeal or modify all provisions that discriminate against women, in breach of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, notably those concerning marriage, polygamy, inheritance and property; (b) step up its efforts to counter discriminatory customary practices, including forced marriage, ensuring that, inter alia, inheritance matters are adjudicated fairly and that the harmful effects of these practices are publicized in rural areas; and (c) strengthen public information and awareness-raising activities to eliminate sexist stereotypes, counter the problem of women’s subordination and promote respect for the roles and shared responsibilities of men and women in the family and in society. [Para 37]
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The Committee against Torture recommended that Togo introduce legislation that expressly and comprehensively prohibited all forms of violence against children in all settings; and implement existing relevant legislation and systematically launch investigations and proceedings whenever cases of suspected child abuse, including sexual violence, were uncovered, so that the perpetrators were punished and the victims received reparation, including rehabilitation and health-care services that encompassed psychological support. [Para 43]
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Around 84 per cent of pregnant women have antenatal consultations and receive support from midwives and birth attendants. The figure for maternal mortality is high, with 478 deaths per 100,000 live births. In order to reduce these levels, the Government has begun implementing high-impact interventions, namely: subsidies have been given for caesarean section operations since 2 May 2001; a campaign was launched in 2010 to speed up the reduction of maternal mortality; and a national programme was launched in April 2011 to provide treatment for obstetric fistula. [Para 66]
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Studies into the conditions of orphans and vulnerable children have made it possible to identify factors of vulnerability such as family poverty, HIV/AIDS infection, family status, shortages of care facilities for children in difficult circumstances, foster homes lacking know-how and financial means, and the lack of community services to help provide care for children in difficult circumstances. [Paea 83]
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    Togo should bring its legislation into line with the Covenant through decriminalization (of sexual relations between consenting adults of the same sex), and take steps to put an end to the social stigmatization of homosexuality. [Para 54]
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Brazil

    Brazil
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Consider acceding to the OP-CEDAW.
    Explanation
    Le gouvernement prendra les dispositions nécessaires pour engager le processus devant aboutir à la ratification de ce protocole.
    Implementation
    "National Report:
    Para 26) The ratification process is under way."
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Empowerment of women
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Establishment of planned agricultural development areas allowing more than 2,000 producers, including 850 women, to become self-employed between 2012 and 2014 [Para 59]
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Ghana

    Ghana
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Expedite action on the ratification process of Optional Protocol to the CEDAW.
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Tunisia

    Tunisia
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts aiming at promoting the role of women in decision-making and achieving equality of opportunities
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 31) The 2011 National Policy on Gender Equality and Gender Equity and the corresponding action plan, which was updated in July 2019 to include an implementation strategy, serve as a framework for all action taken for the advancement of women in Togo.
    Para 32) Gender equality is enshrined in articles 2 and 11 of the Constitution. In collaboration with several partners, the Government is undertaking numerous initiatives to promote gender equality: • Implementation of a project involving the establishment of trained peer educator clubs in the fields of political leadership, peace and development. A total of 591 women have been trained since 2016. • Development and implementation of two national programmes on women’s leadership, the first relating to the political sphere and the second to the professional sphere, with a view to increasing access to leadership roles for women working in the public and private sectors, in order to improve the performance of institutions. • Promotion of women in State institutions, government agencies and so on.
    Para 93) Act No. 2021-012 of 18 June 2021 on the Labour Code strengthens equality of treatment of workers and protects women and persons with disabilities against discrimination in employment.
    Para 127) Togo has undertaken the following initiatives to ensure gender equality and the empowerment of women: • Adoption of the 2016–2030 Agricultural Policy and the corresponding strategic plan for the period up to 2030, which comprises four strategic areas of focus. The second of these areas covers the issue of women’s access to productive resources and income, placing emphasis on the need to build their productive capacity and on the management and control of their income. • Implementation of the Project for the Empowerment of Rural Women in Togo. • Establishment of private sector support structures to help women entrepreneurs and other working women take full advantage of entrepreneurship and job creation opportunities in the formal sector. • Implementation in Togo of the Economic Community of West African States project called “50 Million African Women Speak”, which is intended to facilitate the empowerment of women through the creation of a virtual platform for networking, sharing and access to financial and other information for the purposes of entrepreneurship and enterprise development. • Awarding of 20 per cent of government contracts to young entrepreneurs and women entrepreneurs in 2018, in order to promote women’s entrepreneurship. This proportion rose to 25 per cent in 2019. • Development of urban roads and rural tracks to open up the regions and facilitate the transport and sale of agricultural products, mostly by women. • Provision of mechanical and electrical equipment to women’s associations for their economic activities. • Launch of a project to support the financial inclusion of vulnerable women (women living with HIV, widows, porters, women who have been treated for obstetric fistula and women with disabilities) in July 2017.
    Para 128) The number of women supported through this project totalled 3,500 in 2019, 5,655 in 2020 and 6,609 as of June 2021.
    Para 129) Various measures have been taken to improve the living conditions of women with disabilities in particular. For example, the standard amount of capital available to them through the National Fund for Inclusive Finance has been increased and the repayment period extended.
    Para 130) Several measures have been taken to promote the participation of women in national political life: • Launch of the 2019–2023 Equality for Girls national campaign, which is intended to bring about a social shift towards equality for women and girls. • Measures to raise awareness among the various political parties of the issues of gender equality and the participation of women in decision-making. • Provision of training in leadership and communication techniques to potential women candidates. • Plans to establish trained peer educator clubs in the fields of political leadership, peace and development in all cantons. A total of 591 women have been trained since 2016. • Establishment of a political academy for women leaders with a view to increasing the participation of women in public life. During its 2018 session, the academy provided training to 132 women in areas such as leadership, personal development, political career planning and political communication. • Implementation of the “Women Running for Municipal Councillor” project, which helped to build the campaigning skills of 219 women candidates in the 2019 municipal elections.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 40) The Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, noted that the participation of women and young people in decision-making remained limited. Furthermore, women and girls continued to experience inequality and discrimination in economic, legal, social and political aspects of their lives.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 35) JS9 noted the poor working and living conditions of workers in certain industries, particularly those in the free trade zone. For example, female workers do not receive maternity leave, and pregnant women risk losing their jobs.
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Maldives

    Maldives
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take measures to increase the participation of women in governance and decision making bodies
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 31) The 2011 National Policy on Gender Equality and Gender Equity and the corresponding action plan, which was updated in July 2019 to include an implementation strategy, serve as a framework for all action taken for the advancement of women in Togo.
    Para 32) Gender equality is enshrined in articles 2 and 11 of the Constitution. In collaboration with several partners, the Government is undertaking numerous initiatives to promote gender equality: ... • Development and implementation of two national programmes on women’s leadership, the first relating to the political sphere and the second to the professional sphere, with a view to increasing access to leadership roles for women working in the public and private sectors, in order to improve the performance of institutions. • Promotion of women in State institutions, government agencies and so on.
    Para 130) Several measures have been taken to promote the participation of women in national political life: • Launch of the 2019–2023 Equality for Girls national campaign, which is intended to bring about a social shift towards equality for women and girls. • Measures to raise awareness among the various political parties of the issues of gender equality and the participation of women in decision-making. • Provision of training in leadership and communication techniques to potential women candidates. • Plans to establish trained peer educator clubs in the fields of political leadership, peace and development in all cantons. A total of 591 women have been trained since 2016. • Establishment of a political academy for women leaders with a view to increasing the participation of women in public life. During its 2018 session, the academy provided training to 132 women in areas such as leadership, personal development, political career planning and political communication. • Implementation of the “Women Running for Municipal Councillor” project, which helped to build the campaigning skills of 219 women candidates in the 2019 municipal elections.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 40) The Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, noted that the participation of women and young people in decision-making remained limited.
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    China

    China
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Through its own efforts and international cooperation, further lower its maternal and infant mortality rates.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 69) In order to improve the health of the population, Togo has adopted a national health development plan for 2017–2022, in keeping with the Sustainable Development Goals, including the target of achieving universal health coverage. This plan comprises five strategic lines of action for combating disease and accelerating the reduction of maternal, neonatal, infant and child mortality.
    Para 70) The measures taken to improve maternal and child health include the development of integrated community-based maternal and newborn care, the prevention of child malnutrition, the promotion of emergency obstetric and neonatal care, the stepping up of family planning activities, the prevention and free treatment of severe malaria in pregnant women and children, the free provision of antiretroviral drugs, vaccines and insecticide-treated mosquito nets to women and children, and the provision of services via mobile clinics in underserved areas since 2018.
    Para 71) Maternal and infant mortality in Togo dropped from 39 per cent of live births in 2010 to 27 per cent in 2014 (according to the 2014 demographic and health survey), thanks to the development and implementation of several plans and programmes, including: • A project to strengthen the health system, focusing on reproductive health and sexual rights, with support from the German Agency for International Cooperation • A project to improve maternal and neonatal health, funded through the Muskoka Initiative: Maternal, Newborn and Under-Five Child Health
    Para 72) As a result of these efforts, the rate of maternal and neonatal deaths from direct obstetric causes in health-care facilities fell from 1.74 per cent in 2019 to 1.3 per cent in 2020, while the target set in the National Health Development Plan was 1.72 per cent (2020 performance report of the Ministry of Health, Hygiene and Universal Access to Health Care).
    Para 73) In addition, the Government has just launched the following programmes and projects: • A programme for the provision of support to pregnant women and newborns, in 2021 • A project on ensuring access to quality essential health-care services in order to achieve universal health coverage, for the period 2021–2026.
    Para 78) The decades-long fight against malaria continued throughout national territory in 2020 with the implementation of the following measures: • Prevention through the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets for vector control, intermittent presumptive treatment for pregnant women and seasonal malaria chemoprevention for children under 5 years old
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Namibia

    Namibia
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Adopt without delay the draft law establishing quotas for women at elected and administrative positions, in line with the recommendation by the CEDAW
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended once again that Togo bring domestic provisions in line with the Convention and ensure that all discriminatory provisions be reviewed and repealed. [Para 3]
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sex work / "prostitution"
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended that Togo address the root causes of prostitution, including poverty, and undertake efforts for the rehabilitation and social reintegration of victims. [Para 41]
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The NHRC regretted the under-representation of women in decision-making bodies. It recommended the adoption of a law on gender equality. [Para 5]
  • State Under Review:

    Togo

    Togo
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    AFPT recommended taking measures to promote the equal participation of women in decision-making bodies. JS2 recommended ensuring that women occupied at least 40 per cent of senior government positions. [Para 69]