Displaying 49776 - 49800 of 58160 recommendations found
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State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- HIV and AIDS
- Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
Type:Review DocumentationSession:25th session, May 2016Status:NeglectedContents:Noting that the HIV/AIDS prevalence among the youth was very high, JS3 was concerned that health workers contributed to worsening the problem due to hostility and negative attitudes towards young people seeking health services related to sexual reproductive health services. [Para 98] -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- HIV and AIDS
Type:Review DocumentationSession:39th Session, November 2021Status:Reference AddressedContents:The [HR] Committee recommended that Eswatini: ...; redouble its efforts to combat the high level of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among the general population; ... [Para 10]
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State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Birth registration
Type:Review DocumentationSession:39th Session, November 2021Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:While welcoming measures taken by the State to ensure that all births were registered, the United Nations country team and the HR Committee remained concerned by the large number of births that remained unregistered. The HR Committee recommended that Eswatini expedite its efforts to register all births on its territory and continue to mount public and family awareness-raising campaigns concerning birth registration, particularly in rural areas. [Para 64]
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State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Contraception
- Abortion
- Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
Type:Review DocumentationSession:39th Session, November 2021Status:Reference AddressedContents:JS7 and AI were concerned at cases of illegal abortions, leading to deaths of many women. AI and JS7 recommended decriminalising abortion and guaranteeing the provision of, and access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services and goods, including safe abortion and post-abortion care, and modern contraceptives. [Para 44]
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State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:N/AContents:The Attorney-General v Mary Joyce Doo Aphane Appeal Case No. 12/2010. In this case the Court struck down legislation (the Deeds Registry Act), which prohibited women married in community of property from registering property in their own names or in the joint names of themselves and their husbands; on the ground that the law violated the right to equality guaranteed by Section 20 of the Constitution. The Court ordered Parliament to enact remedial legislation within 1 year from the date of its order. In compliance with the court order, the Government has tabled a bill amending the Deeds Registry Act. [Para 19] -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- HIV and AIDS
Type:Review DocumentationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:N/AContents:Regarding Anti Retroviral therapy, the government of Swaziland procures the ARV drugs for the people who need them. Every year the ARV budget is provided for in addition to the normative Ministry of Health budget. According to the Swaziland UNGASS 2010 report, 75% of people in need of ART based on the CD4 cell count of 200 are on treatment. In Swaziland we do not have people on waiting lists. However, the country has adopted the new WHO Guidelines of initiating treatment using the CD4 cell count of 350 and is targeting universal access for people living with HIV. In this regard, the number of health facilities providing ART facilities has increased from 1 in 2005 to 104 in 2010 including both private and public health facilities. [Para 86] -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Sexual violence
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:Reference AddressedContents:CRC in 2006 recommended that Swaziland take appropriate legislative measures, including expediting the adoption of the draft law on sexual offences and domestic violence … [Para 26] -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:CanadaCanadaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupOASOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
- Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
Type:RecommendationSession:39th Session, November 2021Status:Unclear ResponseContents:Prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and/or gender identity and decriminalize homosexual behaviour between consenting adults.ExplanationNoted. -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:Reference AddressedContents:JS2 stated that police did not take such matters (domestic violence against women) seriously, as they were said to be family issues that needed to be dealt with at the family level. JS2 reported that these violent tendencies were further fuelled by statements by State agents, including by judges ... [Para 24] -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:South SudanSouth SudanRegional groupAfrica GroupIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:39th Session, November 2021Status:AcceptedContents:Speed up the process of the ratification to the OP-CEDAW. -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:NepalNepalRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupIssue:
- Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
Type:RecommendationSession:39th Session, November 2021Status:AcceptedContents:Accelerate efforts to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates improving the quality of maternal and new-born care in health facilities. -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:MalaysiaMalaysiaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupASEANOICCommonwealthIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Gender perspective in policies, programmes
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:39th Session, November 2021Status:AcceptedContents:Continue its strategies and approaches in ending all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls through effective implementation of the National Strategy and Action Plan to End Violence (2017-2022). -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:AustraliaAustraliaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupPIFCommonwealthIssue:
- Sexual abuse
- Gender equality
- Domestic violence
- Empowerment of women
Type:RecommendationSession:39th Session, November 2021Status:AcceptedContents:Continue reforms that prioritise women’s empowerment and gender equality, including by working with law enforcement authorities, the judiciary, communities and traditional leaders to implement the Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act 2018. -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:SpainSpainRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
- Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
Type:RecommendationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:RejectedContents:Adopt the necessary political and legislative measures to establish a specific framework to protect against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and repeal all laws which criminalize homosexual practice, and implement public awareness-raising campaign on this matter.ImplementationStakeholder Summary:
Para 29) HRW noted that the Constitution does not include marital status or sexual orientation as a protected ground against discrimination.
Para 33) JS4 stated that the discrimination of lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, transgender and inter- sex (LGBTI) persons based on either actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity persisted and that same-sex sexual conduct between male persons was still criminalized. -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:GhanaGhanaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
Type:RecommendationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:AcceptedContents:Take further measures to eliminate discriminatory cultural practices.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 25) Section 28 of the Constitution protects women from being subjected to cultural practises that they are in conscience opposed to. -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:GhanaGhanaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:25th session, May 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Submit overdue reports to treaty bodies (CESCR, HR Committee, CRC, CRPD).ImplementationNational Report:
Para 18) The country acknowledges that there are overdue reports to be submitted to treaty bodies and anticipates that now that the NMRF has been established, the country will be able to prepare and submit the reports timeously, systematically coordinate, engage with CSOs on the implementation of the recommendations issued by the human rights mechanisms.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 7) JS2 regretted that Eswatini had not submitted its initial report to the CESCR yet.
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State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:SpainSpainRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:25th session, May 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Take legal and practical measures that guarantee women equality in the acquisition of land, in access to the means of production and in political representation.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 47) Section 211(2) of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Eswatini provides that all citizens of Eswatini have access to land regardless of gender. However, post the Constitution, some Chiefdoms followed the traditional system of land allocation. This meant that women only accessed land through males which could either be their husbands, male relative or male child. For some women who were unmarried or widowed, access to land remained a struggle. However, it is worth mentioning that there is now a paradigm shift from the patronage system as most Chiefs are aware of the Constitutional rights of women, thus land is accessible to women without the assistance of a male. Efforts are being made to develop an information management system that will provide statistical data on this development.
Para 48) With regards to representation of women in politics, Eswatini enacted the Election of Women Members into the House of Assembly Act No. 06 of 2018 to ensure that at least 30% of women constitute the House of Assembly, thereby giving effect to section 86 of the Constitution. However, this target has not been met as currently, women legislators constitute 20.38% of the legislators, and 29% at Cabinet.
Para 49) There are still barriers that hinder women’s ability to be elected or appointed into decision making positions such as patriarchy, economic disadvantages, social stereotypes, and socio-political perceptions around women’s leadership. As a mitigating measure, Eswatini is developing a National Strategy on women’s participation in politics and decision-making. This strategy seeks to address barriers to women’s participation.
Para 50) The Elections and Boundaries Commission conducts Civic Voter education to sensitize members of the public on the electoral process before elections. Further Civil Society Organisations conduct educational vote for women campaigns to ensure women’s participation in politics and decision-making structures. Women candidates and nominees are capacitated on leadership and campaigning skills prior to Secondary Elections.
UN Compilation:
Para 56) The HR Committee noted with concern that several domestic laws contained discriminatory provisions towards women, such as the Marriage Act, and chapter 4 of the Constitution, which differentiated between men and women in the acquisition and transfer of citizenship. The Committee was also concerned that customary law and practices perpetuated inequality between men and women, in particular with regard to inheritance and property rights, and that cultural practices such as polygamy, forced marriage and bride inheritance continued to exist. The lack of equal representation of women in the public and private sectors, in particular in decision-making positions, was also a matter of concern.
Para 58) While the United Nations country team welcomed the Employment Act, which provided equal pay for equal work, it regretted that women’s participation and representation in politics and positions of influence remained a major challenge. In particular, the country team indicated that women’s representation in parliament still failed to meet the target of 30 per cent as provided for in the Constitution.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 53) JS6 regretted that the Constitution denied to women the right to transmit citizenship to their children and foreign spouse-a right reserved for men, and that gender discrimination in Eswatini’s nationality law had resulted in wide-ranging human rights violations, including with regard to inheritance, property rights and freedom of movement. JS7 moreover stated that women did not enjoy the same rights as men to seek separation, divorce or annulment of marriage, and were politically marginalised. The authorities have not met the goal of having 30 representatives of Parliament being women.
Para 54) JS10 also noted with concern that women were very often unlawfully subjected to land grabbing, evictions and disinheritance, situation that had been heightened by the Covid-19 lockdown where victims have had very limited options to seek redress for rights violations.
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State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:LibyaLibyaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOICALIssue:
- HIV and AIDS
Type:RecommendationSession:25th session, May 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Continue efforts to combat HIV/AIDS through the National Parliament Strategy on HIV/AIDS for 2016-2021.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 58) Eswatini has observed a steady downward trend in Tuberculosis (TB) incidence (363/100,000 population) and TB notifications, TB related mortality and TB/HIV coinfection rates. …
Para 59) Interventions such as intensified TB screening in health care settings and communities, use of rapid molecular TB diagnostic tests, strengthening TB treatment adherence system, scaling up of HIV testing and treatment services in TB settings and commencing TB patients living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment (from 92% in 2016 to 98% in 2020), scaling up of TB preventive services among vulnerable populations such as screening People Living with HIV (PLHIV)for TB and initiating them on TB Preventive treatment (from 1% in 2017 to 65% in 2020) as well as capacity building of healthcare workers have contributed to the observed reductions in TB cases and better treatment outcomes.
Para 61) Eswatini has made tremendous strides towards epidemic control through a focus on key interventions in testing and treatment, coupled with strong community prevention programming. It is estimated that 95% of all PLHIV know their HIV status due to successful case identification and messaging. Early adoption of Test and Start (T&S) programme increased numbers of people on treatment, and strategic interventions to increase access to viral load and to support retention have led to a viral suppression rate of 95% for those who are on ART. According to the 2020 HIV Estimates and Projections Report, new infections have been declining since 2016 from around 8,000 to 4,500 in 2019.
Para 62) The Kingdom of Eswatini had a National Strategic Framework (NSF) from 2014– 2018 which has since been replaced by NSF 2018-2023 to further reduce new HIV Infections. The current NSF 2018-2023 is being implemented and a Mid-term review is ongoing. The country adopted the Test and start for all people-testing positive for HIV, introduced a HIV self-testing programme to encourage people to know their HIV status. Further, community ART groups (CAG) were established which has also reduced AIDS deaths from 2,700 in 2016 to 2,300 in 2020 and the HIV Prevalence has relatively remained around 27% for the past four years.
Para 63) The Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) programming has reduced the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) to less than 2%17 at 6-8weeks. The country has developed an Elimination of Mother to child transmission of HIV and Syphilis strategy 2018-2022, Integrated HIV guidelines addendum for the amendment of the HIV guidelines 2019 and an operational plan for eMTCT (2020-2022). The Ministry of Health engages communities to sensitize on PMTCT and community health care workers (RHMs and community mentor mothers) for follow-up and home visits of mother and lactating mothers in the community.
Para 65) In response to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on continuity of services, the Government has expanded its community service delivery to take HIV testing, prevention and treatment services (including ART drug distribution) to people through outreach programmes that rely on rural health motivators and HIV treatment adherence support initiatives. The effect of all these initiatives helped to maintain uninterrupted regimes and to connect with key and vulnerable populations.
Para 66) In 2019, Eswatini conducted a HIV Related Stigma, Discrimination and Human rights survey. The findings were that out of 1136 respondents, 10% experienced HIV related stigma and discrimination in a form of remarks and verbal harassment. The survey has informed the policy and program improvements to address the findings.
Para 67) In the 2018-2023 National Strategic Framework (NSF), social protection and the reduction of structural vulnerabilities including HIV related stigma, key population groups and discrimination form part of the strategic interventions in the implementation of the HIV response in the Kingdom. Further, Non- Government Organizations organise campaigns during events to sensitize the public on HIV related information.
Para 70) The Government is currently implementing SRHR – HIV knows No Borders targeting migrants to ensure their access to healthcare services. This programme further targets communities, religious sector, sex workers, AGYW and LGBTIQs.
Para 71) Eswatini received approximately US $146,580,000 in Overseas Development Assistance in 201720. The health sector has been the largest beneficiary of external assistance; the HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics have received a significant response from global development partners and donors. Despite economic challenges, the Government of the Kingdom of Eswatini domestic expenditure in health has risen from $133,009,265 expended in 2017/2018 to the budgeted level of $146,433,314 in 2018/2019. The domestic expenditure on HIV has increased from $23,807,009 spent for the 2017/2018 financial year to $25,438,673 in 2018/2019. ARV purchasing expenses alone accounted for nearly $19,799,308 in expenditure in 2017/2018, and the budget for this increased to over $21,111,037 for 2018/2019.
Para 98) With regards to health care, inmates receive free medical treatment in the Correctional Centres’ clinics. These health care facilities are run by qualified nurses under the supervision of medical officers. The medical team renders comprehensive health care services that include amongst others; curative health services, HIV/AIDS management, tuberculosis management and do make referrals to other hospitals and specialists should there be a necessity.
Para 110) The Kingdom of Eswatini has achieved the 95-95-95 HIV global target set for 2030, which means that 95 % of people living with HIV know their status, 95% of people who know their status are accessing treatment and 95% of people on treatment have suppressed viral load. The success is attributed to the investment in HIV prevention and treatment interventions such as the provision of ART, TB-HIV Coinfection, Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision as well as preventive programmes targeting AGYW amongst others.
Para 111) The Government remains committed to finance HIV response to sustain this achievement and commends the support by the UN and partners including Global Fund, PEPFAR, World Bank and others for providing strategic guidance to the HIV response and ensuring that clear targets are set, shared and consistently monitored.
UN Compilation:
Para 10) While acknowledging the State’s efforts to promote and protect the life and health of persons living with HIV/AIDS, the HR Committee remained concerned at the continued high number of infections in Eswatini and the persistence of stigma and discrimination against such persons.
Para 40) The United Nations country office in Eswatini was concerned that Eswatini had one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world, and that the country had a high incidence and prevalence of, and mortality from, tuberculosis. The United Nations country team noted that, further to the State’s commitment to end AIDS as a public health threat by the year 2022, Eswatini had made significant strides in dealing with HIV-related stigma and discrimination through plans and strategies, as revealed by the Stigma Index Survey conducted in 2019.
Para 61) … The country team was also concerned that adolescent girls continued to be disproportionately affected by HIV.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 13) UPRP-BCU and JS7 indicated that the stigma faced by people with HIV in Eswatini was widespread, particularly affecting women and girls, and that not enough awareness-raising on HIV and AIDS had been carried out. JS7 noted that the stigma attached to the HIV pandemic served as a barrier to HIV treatment and testing.
Para 38) Several stakeholders noted with concern that Eswatini had the highest rate of HIV across the world with more that 27% of adults living with HIV. They indicated that women were disproportionately affected by HIV epidemic. JS7 stated that Eswatini had experienced a growing number of cases of cervical cancer linked to the high rates of HIV prevalence. According to some stakeholders, the perception of women as subordinate to men and resulting gender inequality had increased the vulnerability of women to HIV.
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State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:South AfricaSouth AfricaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthIssue:
- International human rights instruments
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:25th session, May 2016Status:AcceptedContents:Ratify OP-CEDAW.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 14) … There are ongoing national processes to sensitize stakeholders on the need to ratify the OP-CEDAW …
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State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:MexicoMexicoRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIACSIssue:
- International human rights instruments
- Gender equality
- Gender perspective in policies, programmes
Type:QuestionSession:25th session, May 2016Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:Is Swaziland considering to establish a law review commission, which should conduct a gender analysis of its laws with a view to harmonizing them with CEDAW, as recommended by the CEDAW committee? -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:Review DocumentationSession:25th session, May 2016Status:Reference AddressedContents:CEDAW noted that the Gender and Family Issues Unit had been elevated to a department within the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, but was concerned that it was extremely underresourced in both human and financial terms. The Committee recommended that Swaziland provide adequate financial and human resources to the Department. The country team made a similar recommendation. [Para 19] -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Sex work / "prostitution"
Type:Review DocumentationSession:25th session, May 2016Status:NeglectedContents:Concerned at the lack of programmes aimed at addressing prostitution, including exit programmes, CEDAW recommended that Swaziland provide data on existing programmes aimed at addressing prostitution and on implementing exit programmes for women who wish to leave prostitution. [Para 39] -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Abortion
- Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
Type:Review DocumentationSession:25th session, May 2016Status:NeglectedContents:CEDAW called upon Swaziland to step up efforts to reduce the incidence of maternal mortality, such as providing safe abortion and post-abortion care services. The country team recommended that Swaziland develop clear procedures and guidelines on the implementation of constitutionally sanctioned abortion, for example in cases of pregnancy resulting from rape or incest or on medical grounds. [Para 81] -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Sexual violence
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:25th session, May 2016Status:NeglectedContents:Noting that gender based violence, particularly sexual violence, was a growing problem in Swaziland, JS6 recommended that Swaziland review all criminal laws and procedures on sexual offences and GBV to eliminate gender bias and ensure that justice and fairness are accorded to both the survivor and the perpetrator. [Para 54] -
State Under Review:EswatiniEswatiniRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUCommonwealthSource Of Reference:AustraliaAustraliaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupPIFCommonwealthIssue:
- International human rights instruments
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:12th session, October 2011Status:RejectedContents:Continue towards the implementation of the OP-CAT, OP1-ICCPR and the OP-CEDAW.