UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 36876 - 36900 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Luxembourg

    Luxembourg
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Abortion
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Overhaul fundamentally legislation on abortion, in the first place with regard to victims of rape, especially victims that are minors, as well as concerning pregnancies which seriously endanger the health of the woman.
    Explanation
    Las recomendaciones 116.24, y 117. 19 a la 117. 31; relacionadas reformar la ley sobre el aborto reiteramos que Nicaragua no las acepta, porque sería contrario a la voluntad popular y soberana de los nicaragüenses que a través de un proceso democrático expresaron estar a favor de la penalización del aborto.

    El pueblo de Nicaragua considera el derecho a la vida del no nato y que el aborto no es un método de control de natalidad y afecta la salud de la mujer; las normas obligan atender a toda mujer en proceso de aborto más aún cuando la vida de la madre está en peligro, implementando el Protocolo de Procedimiento.

    La Estrategia Nacional de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva contempla objetivos estratégicos como mejorar la salud materna y perinatal, fomentando la maternidad y paternidad responsable. Se impulsan programas de prevención mediante educación continua sobre planificación familiar y riesgo reproductivo, entregando anticonceptivos hasta el nivel comunitario.
    Implementation
    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 64) IPAS stated that Nicaragua had become one of six countries in Latin America and the Caribbean to fully criminalize abortion, and that it had upheld the complete criminalization of abortion for more than eleven years, ignoring the recommendations of various treaty bodies and the universal periodic review. The Centro de Información y Servicios de Asesoría en Salud (Health Information and Advisory Services Centre) (CISAS) reported that under the Criminal Code women, adolescents and girls who obtained abortions were liable to one to four years’ imprisonment. CISAS added that because of the ban on abortion, such procedures were carried out in secret.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    ... Investigate and sanction such sexual exploitation and trafficking; and implement policies to prevent, recover and reintegrate child victims. [Para 24; CRC]
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Birth registration
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    FI recommended that the State adopt a new civil registration act without delay. IHRC-OU recommended the Government to guarantee that children born in indigenous communities of the Pacific, Central and Northern regions are registered at birth and those that are currently not registered will become registered by 2016. [Para 39]
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Nicaragua received the "Global heroes in the fight against trafficking in persons" award from the Department of State of the United States of America in June 2013 in recognition of its engagement. For the second year running the United States of America ranked Nicaragua at level one - a level achieved by only two Latin American countries ... [Para 105]
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Algeria

    Algeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue its programme for equal access to education for women and rural populations.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    "Nicaragua has exceeded the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for
    tuberculosis control, having reduced mortality to half the level registered in 1990, and
    work is continuing to reduce the prevalence of this disease. With regard to malaria, the
    entire country has been classified as a low-risk area since 2007 and 78 municipalities have
    reported zero cases over this period. In 2008, antiretroviral therapy was secured for 734
    HIV carriers, including 54 pregnant women needing treatment to prevent HIV transmission
    to their child. [Para 61]"
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    "The Nicaraguan Centre for Human Rights, the World Organization Against Torture and the International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (JS1) regretted that Nicaragua ... had not yet ratified OP-CEDAW. [Para 1]"
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Georgia

    Georgia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Ratify the CEDAW.
    Explanation
    Nicaragua en uso de su soberanía considera que no es el momento para sumarse a nuevos compromisos internacionales que suponen una carga administrativa y presupuestaria adicional, pero esto no implica que en el país existe un vacío de protección y de vulnerabilidad de los Derechos Humanos, ya que el Ordenamiento Jurídico nacional es amplio, completo y enfocado en proteger las garantías constitucionales y los Derechos Humanos de los nicaragüenses.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Austria

    Austria
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Take urgent measures to combat all forms of violence against women and children, particularly sexual violence against girls, through strengthening of the legal framework, development of competent authorities and adequate support to victims.
    Explanation
    El Estado de Nicaragua es respetuoso de los mecanismos y procedimientos del Sistema Universal de Derechos Humanos. … Creemos que el Examen Periódico Universal es un Mecanismo útil para contribuir en el fortalecimiento de los Derechos Humanos de todos los Estados. No aceptamos sin embargo, que se utilice con fines distintos a los que fue concebido, contradiciendo la Resolución 5/1 del CDH, que establece como sus principios la naturaleza cooperativa basada en información objetiva y fidedigna; así como el desarrollo del mismo de manera objetiva, transparente, que evite la confrontación y la politización. … Algunos Estados emitieron discursos políticos, muy alejados de recomendaciones constructivas, tratando de politizar este mecanismo. Se reitera el rechazo a las afirmaciones infundadas, inventadas y alejadas de la realidad que vive Nicaragua. … Rechazamos el uso de estos espacios multilaterales con fines políticos y la intención de algunos Estados que pretenden cambiar el sentido productivo de este mecanismo. No son aplicables expresiones y juicios que tienen un carácter eminentemente político que no abona al propósito para el que fue creado el Examen Periódico Universal, por tanto, no se pueden aceptar.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Italy

    Italy
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Forced marriage
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Strengthen efforts to prevent and combat all harmful practices against woman and girls, including child early and forced marriage.
    Explanation
    Se continuará trabajando con todos aquellos grupos vulnerables excluidos por políticas neoliberales, promoviendo y defendiendo sus Derechos Humanos mediante la ejecución de Planes, Programas y Proyectos con impacto directo en el goce y disfrute de los Derechos de niños, niñas, adolescentes, jóvenes, mujeres, personas con discapacidad, afrodescendientes, adultos mayores, grupos LGBTI, entre otros.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • Human rights defenders
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    On 21 December, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) expressed its concern at the acts of violence, intimidation and harassment against women human rights defenders and women’s organizations in Nicaragua. [Para 43]
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovenia

    Slovenia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Adopt urgent reforms of the Penal Code and other relevant legislation to restore the rights of women, girls, and adolescent victims of rape and other forms of violence against them, to receive protection, legal assistance and health care...
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 67) Combating violence against women constitutes a State policy, which includes an action plan with three objectives: prevention, protection and care for victims. Within this framework, the Comprehensive Act against Violence towards Women (Act No. 779) and the reform of the Criminal Code (Act No. 641) were adopted and entered into force in 2012, classifying for the first time femicide and other forms of violence against women as an offence. This same Act created the national inter-institutional commission to combat violence against women, children and adolescents, composed of 17 state institutions, with departmental and municipal branches. At executive level, the Inter-institutional Commission on Gender was established and the planning system for the national general budget was put into operation with a gender perspective.

    Para 68) As part of access to justice and legal protection, the comprehensive care model has been established and 61 police units for women and children are in operation. In 2013, 99 further units were built to achieve 100 per cent coverage of the country's police network. The special criminal division in the Managua court of appeal was established, setting up specialized courts for which the appropriate judges and magistrates were appointed.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 4) The United Nations in Nicaragua added that efforts had been made to improve the national legal framework, particularly with regard to women ... A whole series of laws had been adopted or had begun to be implemented, including laws on: violence against women ...

    Para 21) The United Nations in Nicaragua noted that femicide had been classified as an offence. In addition, the Comprehensive Act against Violence towards Women (Act No. 779) constituted a step forward in terms of the protection of women. However, the reform adopted by the National Assembly in September 2013 introduced measures such as mediation ...
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Israel

    Israel
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Cooperate with special procedures mandate-holders by accepting the visit request made by the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Brazil

    Brazil
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Implement, as early as possible, a witness protection programme for women victims of all forms of violence.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Sierra Leone

    Sierra Leone
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Birth registration
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Facilitate birth registration and provide easy registration procedures for indigenous children and children of African descent.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 43) The Family Code and Act No. 908 on the Late Issuance and Correction of Civil Registry Acts guarantee children’s right to a name, an identity and a nationality, since these data are registered immediately upon birth free of charge, which has benefited 20,782 children under the age of 12.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Norway

    Norway
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Ratify the OP-CEDAW.
    Explanation
    El Estado de Nicaragua en uso de su soberanía considera que no es el momento para sumarse a nuevos compromisos internacionales que suponen una carga administrativa y presupuestaria adicional para el país. El gobierno de Nicaragua está convencido de la necesidad de proteger y promover los derechos humanos en todas sus esferas y para ello ha establecido una serie de prioridades nacionales en cuales está trabajando.

    Si bien Nicaragua no forma parte aun de los instrumentos internacionales señalados en esas recomendaciones, el Estado desea reafirmar que no por ello existe un vacío de protección y de vulnerabilidad de los derechos humanos. Nicaragua cuenta con un marco normativo vasto que garantiza el pleno goce de los derechos humanos de todas y todos los nicaragüenses.
    Implementation
    UN Compilation:
    Para 2) The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) noted that Nicaragua had not ratified the OP-CEDAW …

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 2) Several organizations indicated that Nicaragua had still not ratified the … the OP-CEDAW, …
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Uruguay

    Uruguay
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Abortion
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Consider the possibility of contemplating exceptions to the general prohibition of abortion, especially in cases of therapeutic abortion when the mother's life is in danger as well as in cases of pregnancies resulting from rape or incest.
    Explanation
    Las recomendaciones 116.24, y 117. 19 a la 117. 31; relacionadas reformar la ley sobre el aborto reiteramos que Nicaragua no las acepta, porque sería contrario a la voluntad popular y soberana de los nicaragüenses que a través de un proceso democrático expresaron estar a favor de la penalización del aborto.

    El pueblo de Nicaragua considera el derecho a la vida del no nato y que el aborto no es un método de control de natalidad y afecta la salud de la mujer; las normas obligan atender a toda mujer en proceso de aborto más aún cuando la vida de la madre está en peligro, implementando el Protocolo de Procedimiento.

    La Estrategia Nacional de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva contempla objetivos estratégicos como mejorar la salud materna y perinatal, fomentando la maternidad y paternidad responsable. Se impulsan programas de prevención mediante educación continua sobre planificación familiar y riesgo reproductivo, entregando anticonceptivos hasta el nivel comunitario.
    Implementation
    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 64) IPAS stated that Nicaragua had become one of six countries in Latin America and the Caribbean to fully criminalize abortion, and that it had upheld the complete criminalization of abortion for more than eleven years, ignoring the recommendations of various treaty bodies and the universal periodic review. The Centro de Información y Servicios de Asesoría en Salud (Health Information and Advisory Services Centre) (CISAS) reported that under the Criminal Code women, adolescents and girls who obtained abortions were liable to one to four years’ imprisonment. CISAS added that because of the ban on abortion, such procedures were carried out in secret.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CRC urged Nicaragua to accept the visit request from the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. [Para 12]
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    • Transgender persons' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    ... JS5 urged the State to respect and safeguard the rights of the LGBTI community [Para 25]
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    With a view to affording special protection, Act No. 718 on special protection for families with multiple pregnancies and births was adopted in May 2010, directly benefiting families with multiple pregnancies by supporting their basic social protection needs, such as health, social security, work, education and housing. [Para 70]
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Violence against women was not classified as a separate crime, but simply as domestic violence, thereby helping to conceal the gender-based violence affecting women. Nor was femicide classified as a separate crime, making it impossible to investigate, prosecute or punish it. [Para 11]
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    7th session, February 2010
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    "In 2007, CEDAW called upon Nicaragua to accelerate the process of increasing women’s full and equal participation in public life, including through the use of temporary special measures and awareness-raising campaigns. [Para 44]"
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Montenegro

    Montenegro
    Regional group
    EEG
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Ratify the OP-CRC-IC.
    Explanation
    Nicaragua en uso de su soberanía considera que no es el momento para sumarse a nuevos compromisos internacionales que suponen una carga administrativa y presupuestaria adicional, pero esto no implica que en el país existe un vacío de protección y de vulnerabilidad de los Derechos Humanos, ya que el Ordenamiento Jurídico nacional es amplio, completo y enfocado en proteger las garantías constitucionales y los Derechos Humanos de los nicaragüenses.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Norway

    Norway
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Abortion
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • Right to health
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Survey the extent of unsafe illegal abortions and introduce measures to safeguard women's universal right to life and health.
    Explanation
    El Estado de Nicaragua es respetuoso de los mecanismos y procedimientos del Sistema Universal de Derechos Humanos. … Creemos que el Examen Periódico Universal es un Mecanismo útil para contribuir en el fortalecimiento de los Derechos Humanos de todos los Estados. No aceptamos sin embargo, que se utilice con fines distintos a los que fue concebido, contradiciendo la Resolución 5/1 del CDH, que establece como sus principios la naturaleza cooperativa basada en información objetiva y fidedigna; así como el desarrollo del mismo de manera objetiva, transparente, que evite la confrontación y la politización. … Algunos Estados emitieron discursos políticos, muy alejados de recomendaciones constructivas, tratando de politizar este mecanismo. Se reitera el rechazo a las afirmaciones infundadas, inventadas y alejadas de la realidad que vive Nicaragua. … Rechazamos el uso de estos espacios multilaterales con fines políticos y la intención de algunos Estados que pretenden cambiar el sentido productivo de este mecanismo. No son aplicables expresiones y juicios que tienen un carácter eminentemente político que no abona al propósito para el que fue creado el Examen Periódico Universal, por tanto, no se pueden aceptar.
  • State Under Review:

    Nicaragua

    Nicaragua
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Source Of Reference:

    Bulgaria

    Bulgaria
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Adopt effective measures to address widespread adolescent pregnancy, including the development, implementation and monitoring, as well as costing and budgeting, of an integrated national prevention strategy.
    Explanation
    Los embarazos de niñas son un problema regional y nacional. Se continuará implementando medidas de prevención para este tipo de embarazos. El Ministerio de la Familia en conjunto con el de Educación continuarán implementando un plan conjunto para la prevención del embarazo en adolescentes, a la par de los demás programas nacionales.

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