UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 42026 - 42050 of 58126 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Sexual abuse
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Additional amendments to the Act on the Protection of Children and Juveniles from Sexual Abuse were made in September 2011. Put into effect in March 2012, the amendments recognize boys and male juveniles as victims of rape, make intercourse or sexual indecent assault committed against children with disabilities punishable by law even if assault or intimidation is not accompanied, and mandate a legal representation program to offer free legal assistance to children and juvenile victims of sexual abuse in criminal proceedings. Sex offenders against children and juveniles may also be subject to probation after serving full sentence. In addition, online service providers are responsible for deleting child pornography with a penalty for noncompliance. [Para 16]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    ... CEDAW also expressed its concern about the limited number of women police officers available to deal with cases of sexual and domestic violence ... [Para 18]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Domestic violence or sexual assaults tend to be considered personal affairs and are not openly discussed. There is a need to increase the reporting rate ... [Para 17]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    JS5 stated that the employment rate of women in general was very low and the maternity leave system very under-used and recommended that the Labour Standards Act be revised to eliminate the measure which excludes a worker hired for domestic work from the definition of employee. [Para 70]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    ... Intensify the punishment of perpetrators of violence against women ... [Para 9]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Costa Rica

    Costa Rica
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Take the necessary measures to eliminate discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity through the adoption of standards and revision of study plans that promote the inclusion of all people.
    Explanation
    Noted. The Government face difficulties in taking immediate actions in a short period of time.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Germany

    Germany
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Repeal Article 92-6 of the Republic of Korea’s Military Criminal Act that punishes sexual activity between same-sex military personnel with sentences of up to two years in prison.
    Explanation
    Noted. Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act does not uniformly penalize same-sex sexual relations, and is applied only in cases of direct and specific violation of military discipline and healthy community life.

  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Marshall Islands

    Marshall Islands
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    PIF
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Devise and implement strategies and structural reforms towards ensuring the equal participation of women in public and political life, including their proportional representation in the National Assembly and provincial and local government councils.
    Explanation
    Already implemented.



  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Israel

    Israel
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Review the prevention and protection mechanisms on sexual violence in the military.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    France

    France
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Adopt a general antidiscrimination law, which includes prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation, to ensure the protection of the rights of LGBTI persons, repeal the provision of the Military Penal Code, which prohibits and punishes same-sex consensual sexual relations in the army, increase public awareness on the need to respect gender identity and sexual orientation of every individual.
    Explanation
    Noted. The Government has devoted considerable legislative efforts to prohibit discrimination through the Constitution and 90 other legislations. Meanwhile, considering the controversy over the prohibited grounds of discrimination, the enactment of the general anti-discrimination law, which provides general remedial procedure for the victims of discriminatory acts, requires considerable examination and opinion-gathering process to reach public consensus regarding the matter. Furthermore, imposing criminal punishment for discriminatory acts requires a careful review.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Iraq

    Iraq
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts to eliminate the wage gap between women and men.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Netherlands

    Netherlands
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Abortion
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Remove all penalties for women who seek abortion, and for doctors and other medical personnel involved in providing these services.
    Explanation
    Noted. Whether to abolish the crime of abortion or to extend the list of circumstances where abortion is permitted is a matter of significant importance as it is associated with the right of an unborn baby to its life as well as the right of a pregnant woman to her life, body and self-determination. This will be decided by taking into account the Constitutional Court’s decision on the pending case of the constitutionality of the crime of abortion, legislative examples of other countries, and opinions of all corners of society.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Spain

    Spain
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Abortion
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Adopt a law that regulates abortion in accordance with the Constitutional Court ruling of April 2019.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Laos

    Laos
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue to develop measures to ensure non-discrimination against women and promote gender equality.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The Special Rapporteur on the right to privacy … recommended that article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act be promptly repealed ... [Para 87]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Thailand

    Thailand
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Further take measures to combat trafficking in persons, particularly women and children, and sexual exploitation, by ensuring effective enforcement of the Criminal Act and providing victims with necessary assistance and protection throughout the process of investigation and trial.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    NHRCK recommended ensuring the rights to justice and remedies for victims of sexual slavery by the military of a foreign country (comfort women). [Para 9]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Several United Nations independent experts raised concerns at the agreement on the issue of “comfort women” (thousands of girls and women from several Asian countries, abducted and forced into sexual slavery prior to and during the Second World War) concluded between the Republic of Korea and the neighbouring country in December 2015. The independent experts drew attention to the fact that the agreement did not meet standards of State accountability for gross human rights violations and had been reached without a proper consultation process. They considered that the agreement fell short of meeting the demands of survivors. The Committee against Torture was concerned that the agreement failed to provide redress and reparation or to ensure the right to truth and assurances of non-repetition. [Para 42]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    • Right to health
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    [CESCR] urged the State to ensure that persons living with HIV/AIDS enjoyed their right to health, through access to and receipt of care without discrimination. [Para 49]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    JS1 stated that … The Government should amend the legislation, which did not ensure punishment of domestic violence perpetrators, and improve the victim support system. [Para 38]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Ukraine

    Ukraine
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    CIS
    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Comment
    Session:
    15th session, February 2013
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    It urged Romania to continue promoting equal access to adequate health services for HIV-affected persons, particularly women, children and young people, notably in rural areas.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sex work / "prostitution"
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    Decriminalize prostitution [Para 40; SR on the sale of children].
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Angola

    Angola
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    29th Session, January 2018
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Adopt legal mechanism to promote gender equality and social inclusion for all.
    Explanation
    Noted. it considers that they have already been complied with. Since its EU integration, Romania transposed all six EU Directives and the European acquis in the field of gender equality. The principles of equal opportunities and equal treatment between women and men are transposed in the national legislation, institutional mechanism, public policies and are reflected at civil society level. Important concepts are regulated by the main legal act in the field, such as: direct and indirect discrimination based on sex, sexual and psychological harassment, equal pay for equal work, positive actions, multiple-discrimination, sex, gender stereotype, gender budgeting. The law also includes specific measures for implementing the gender perspective in the labour market, education, eliminating gender roles and encouraging equal participation of men and women in the decision making process. The National Agency for Equal Opportunities between Women and Men was established in 2015 with a role in implementing public policies and strategies; legislative initiatives; data collection; designing and implementing programs and awareness campaigns ; cooperating with central and local authorities and NGOs. Based on the above, Romania reaffirms its commitment to promote gender equality.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Mongolia

    Mongolia
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    29th Session, January 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Focus more on the improvement of health service quality with special attention to child and maternal mortality.
    Explanation
    Romania adds to its position that, since 2001, there were 15 interventions within the National Program for Women and Child Health and, in 2018, the Working Group for Women and Child Health is reinforced.
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Chile

    Chile
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    29th Session, January 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue working to eradicate all forms of stigmatisation or discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.

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