UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 37226 - 37250 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Family planning
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    CRR also believed that user fees constitute serious barriers to obtaining quality maternal health care, and that the lack of adequate information and counselling on family planning is another major factor that contributes to the high rate of maternal mortality in Nigeria. [Para 49]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ratify the OP-CRC-IC and ensure its full implementation.
    Explanation
    Noted.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Sierra Leone

    Sierra Leone
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Forced marriage
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Unify the age of marriage in all states in order to eradicate child, early and forced marriage, both in law and practice.
    Explanation
    Noted.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Portugal

    Portugal
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Reinforce victim protection services taking into account the vulnerability of children and women facing terrorist groups’ actions.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Algeria

    Algeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Improve the quality of education in rural areas and promote inclusive education, which guarantees gender equality in education.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Malaysia

    Malaysia
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Empowerment of women
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts to provide women access to economic opportunities, such as through the Business Development Fund for women and the National Women Empowerment Fund.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Burundi

    Burundi
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Forced marriage
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts to eradicate forced and early marriages of children, which have negative impact in terms of economy and health for those concerned.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended that Nigeria explore investment and employment opportunities for women through investments in renewable energy while combating the adverse effects of climate change in the context of its efforts to implement Sustainable Development Goals 5, 7 and 13. [Para 19]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sex work / "prostitution"
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    31st Session, November 2018
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    JS5 stated that ... female sex workers ... had experienced significant discrimination, influenced by traditional culture as well as religious moral values. [Para 15]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Ghana

    Ghana
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIF
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Accelerate the process of passing into law the various rights-based bills before the National Assembly in order to provide broader scope of protection for vulnerable members of society, especially women, children and the disabled.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 24) The executive arm of government has engaged with the Principal Officers of the National Assembly and State Houses of Assembly with a view to accelerating the process of passing into law all human rights-based bills.

    Para 25) The Government is making efforts to ensure the enactment into law pending human rights related bills before the National Assembly within the tenure of this administration as a demonstration of its commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights in Nigeria.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 3) In 2012, Nigeria reported in follow-up to the concluding observations of CEDAW, that the Convention was yet to be incorporated into national law, but that there were ongoing consultative efforts to pave the way for such incorporation.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 1) NHRC stated that since its Universal Period Review, Nigeria has acceded to and/or ratified key human rights instruments. However, most of these treaties were yet to be enacted into domestic legislation.

    Para 12) HRAN referred to those recommendations in paragraph 103.2 of the Report and stated that a number of human rights bills including the Gender and Equal Opportunities Bill ... remained pending before the National Assembly.

    Para 15) DD stated that Nigeria was a party to ... CEDAW but that those instruments were yet to be incorporated into national law.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Costa Rica

    Costa Rica
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Undertake measures, including through human rights education and training, to modify traditional practices that are in conflict with human rights standards which guarantee equality between men and women.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 26) Section 34 (1) (a) of the Constitution protects the dignity of human person by stating that every individual is entitled to respect to the dignity of his or her person and accordingly no person shall be subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment. Nigeria has implemented this recommendation through the enactment of the Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act 2015(VAPPA). This Act eliminates violence in private and public life; prohibit all forms of violence including physical, sexual, psychological, domestic violence; harmful traditional practices; discrimination against persons and provide maximum protection and effective remedies for victims and punishment of offenders.
    Para 38) Section 34 (1) (a) of the Constitution protects the dignity of human person by stating that every individual is entitled to respect to the dignity of his or her person and accordingly no person shall be subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment. In addition, the following legislative measures aim at combating harmful cultural practices. Legislative measures: (a) Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act 2015; (b) … (d) Prohibition of Child trafficking by the Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement and Administration Act 2015;
    Para 98) The challenges contained in the second cycle UPR report remain the same, though the current federal and state governments are working very hard to overcome these challenges and several reforms and initiatives are yielding positive results. Some of the main challenges are: … (e) Difficulties in breaking through entrenched mind set on harmful traditional practices affecting the human rights of women and children.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 8) Referring to the relevant recommendations from the previous review, the United Nations country team stated that Nigeria had given effect to some of its treaty obligations by adopting … the Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act (2015).
    Para 48) [CEDAW] was also concerned that no specific measures had been taken to eradicate polygamous relationships.
    Para 65) The Special Rapporteurs on health, on sale of children and on slavery noted that the Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act prohibited all forms of violence and criminalized marital rape, female genital mutilation, forceful ejection from home and harmful widowhood practices. The Special Rapporteurs recommended that Nigeria ensure that the Act was adopted in those states that had yet to do so.
    Para 67) Referring to the relevant recommendations from the previous review, the United Nations country team stated that the Violence against Persons (Prohibition) Act prohibited female genital mutilation, which had been banned in 12 of the 36 states. The country team considered the implementation of those recommendations to be ongoing.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Norway

    Norway
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Repeal all laws that allow violence and discrimination against women to persist.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 60) Since the establishment of the Federal Ministry of Women and Social Development and its equivalents in the States, efforts have been made to consolidate and strengthen policies and programmes which will eliminate violence against women and provide support for victims. A product of these efforts is the Violence Against Persons Bill being considered in the National Assembly.

    Para 62) Under section 46 (1) of the Constitution, women who are victims of violence and discrimination may apply to a High Court for redress by way of fundamental rights enforcement proceedings in the event of the application of any law that allows violence and discrimination against them. Nigerian courts have on several occasions declared null and void all laws and customs that are not in the spirit of the Constitution in this regard.

    Para 64) The Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development is engaged in continuous advocacy to legislators, policy makers and other stakeholders on the imperative to pass the CEDAW bill currently pending before the National Assembly ... Some States of the federation have passed laws eradicating some of these practices, including Female Genital Mutilation and harmful widowhood rights.

    Para 65) Various actions are being taken, including strengthening of laws and policies as well as their implementation, strengthening of human resources and police institutional reforms to eradicate negative cultural practices at the Federal and state levels.

    Para 66) Nigeria in its efforts to improve the rights of women and ensuring that all administrative and policy bottlenecks that hinder women from exercising their rights as guaranteed under the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and other international instruments of human rights, adopted a Gender Policy by approving the establishment of Gender Desks in all Ministries, Departments and Agencies of government with a view to mainstreaming gender issues in all their activities.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Holy See

    Holy See
    Regional group
    Observer
    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Sexual abuse
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure the protection of children's human rights by reducing and eliminating domestic and international child trafficking, sexual abuse, abuse stemming from belief in child witchcraft ...
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 40) … b) … Sections 30-33 of the Child Rights Act also prohibit the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography;

    UN Compilation:
    Para 42) CEDAW was concerned that Nigeria remained a source, transit and destination country for trafficking in persons, particularly women and girls, for purposes of sexual and labour exploitation.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 52) JS4 stated that Nigeria had been a source, transit and destination country for trafficking of children for sexual exploitation. Discussions had been ongoing among government ministries on the formulation of a new national action plan.
    Para 53) JS15 stated that … girls were at risk of being trafficked to other parts of the country to work as “house-helps”.
    Para 73) JS16 stated that the education system was severely underfunded resulting in a lack of proper infrastructure, inadequate classrooms and teaching aids. There were … sexual abuse, …
    Para 97) PJ stated that in the camp for internally displaced persons, women and girls had been exposed to sexual abuse, ... and prostitution…
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Italy

    Italy
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Birth registration
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Identify and remove administrative, physical and any other barriers that still impede access to birth registration, thus facilitating for everyone the access to health care and education.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Austria

    Austria
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Rejected
    Contents:
    Amend and review all legislation and policies, including the Same-Sex Marriage Bill, with a view to decriminalize LGBTI persons.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual abuse
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CRC expressed concern at the high number of children having experienced sexual abuse, including in schools, and that young girls, children in street situations and orphans were forced into prostitution. It recommended that Nigeria address this phenomenon. [Para 30]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    CHRI recommended that Nigeria ratify the OPs-ICCPR [Para 11]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    17th session, November 2013
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Some of the challenges and constraints in promoting and protecting human rights are: b) Legal system: The legal system of Nigeria is pluralistic and composed of customary law, Received English law, legislation and sharia law. Majority of Nigerians conduct their personal activities in accordance with and subject to customary law. Customary law has great impact in the area of personal law in regard to matters such as marriage, inheritance and traditional authority. Some of the customary norms are in conflict with human rights norms guaranteeing equality between men and women. [Para 121]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Portugal

    Portugal
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Consider, as a party to the ICESCR, making the legal adaptations required to ensuring that economic, social and cultural rights are considered as individual and enforceable rights, with the same status as all other human rights, and not mere State goals or aspirations.
    Implementation
    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 1) NHRC stated that since its Universal Period Review, Nigeria has acceded to and/or ratified key human rights instruments. However, most of these treaties were yet to be enacted into domestic legislation.
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    • Gender equality
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • HIV and AIDS
    • Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Further, the provisions of the National Gender Policy 2007, National Reproductive Health Policy and Strategy 2001, National Policy on HIV-AIDS 2003, National Policy on Health 1998 and 2004, the National Policy on the Elimination of FGM 1998 and 2002, National Adolescent Health Policy 1995, National Policy on Maternal and Child Health 1994, constitute the key policy frameworks that seek to promote the survival, development, protection and participation rights of women and children to achieve quality reproductive and sexual health in Nigeria. [Para 14]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    The Strategy for the Acceleration of Girls' Education in Nigeria seeks to achieve gender parity in access to, retention, completion and achievement in basic education by 2015. Significant progress has been recorded all over the country. [Para 20]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Gender equality
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Female genital mutilation / cutting
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Other initiatives include: ...
    (b) the establishment of a National Gender Data Bank for the purpose of generating and analysing data on the prevalence and pattern of violence against women and discriminatory practices; ...
    (d) the establishment of National Policy and Plan of Action for the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria 2002, with 11 States of the Federation having passed similar legislation prohibiting female genital mutilation; ...
    [Para 71]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    CERD in 2005, and CEDAW in 2008 noted with concern that the provision regarding the acquisition of nationality as laid down in the Constitution did not appear to comply fully with the Convention, since it stipulated that a foreign man was unable to acquire Nigerian nationality in the same manner as a foreign woman. [Para 16]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    A 2001 CCA report noted that bringing charges of wife-battering and similar crimes to court is difficult since the entire system of justice reflects the gender bias that tolerates domestic violence. [Para 36]
  • State Under Review:

    Nigeria

    Nigeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    4th session, February 2009
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) recommended that Bills on CEDAW and CRPD before the National Assembly be passed without further delay; ... and the Government ratify and "domesticate" the International Convention on the Protection of all Migrant Workers and their Families, and CRPD. [Para 1]

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