Displaying 451 - 475 of 58160 recommendations found
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:CzechiaCzechiaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- "Honour crimes"
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:No ResponseContents:Strengthen measures to eliminate customary practices leading to violence, in particular vendetta and honour killings and domestic violence, and ensure effective access of potential and actual victims to protection -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Marginalized groups of women
- Gender equality
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
- Women's participation
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:N/AContents:"The National Strategy for Gender Equality and Domestic Violence" (2007-2010), aims at promoting the dialogue on the accomplishment of gender equality, ensuring equal participation of men and women in the social, economic, political life of the country, equal opportunities to enjoy their rights and to put in service their individual potentials to the benefit of the society; improving the protection, the reaction of justice system and support to the victims of domestic violence, as well as placing a clearer focus on the prevention, addressing the causes of domestic violence and abuse. One of the objectives of this strategy is the involvement in manufacturing activities, of women who are head of their households; violated, trafficked women; women with disabilities; unemployed Roma women; women from rural areas etc. The Strategy Action Plan provides concrete measures addressing the issues of gender equality, domestic violence prevention. [Para 93] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Sexual violence
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:Reference AddressedContents:CAT recommended that Albania adopt measures to combat sexual violence and violence against women, including domestic violence. [Para 28] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:TurkeyTurkeyRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupOICIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Take effective measures to accelerate the consolidation of property rights as an aspect of ensuring gender equality.ImplementationUN Compilation:
Para 32) [CEDAW] noted with concern that only a small percentage of women in the country owned land, and that Law No. 33/2012, which provided for joint ownership by both spouses of property acquired during marriage, was not being implemented effectively.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:LithuaniaLithuaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Ensure that all reports of domestic violence are thoroughly investigated and that the perpetrators are brought to justice.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 46) An increase in reporting and cases management, particularly in cases of domestic violence, has been evidenced by the State Police. During 2016–2018, there are in total 13661 cases of domestic violence: 6187 claims for Emergency Protection Orders and Protection Orders (EPO / PO-7837 women and girls identified as victims of violence. 7847 lawsuits for EPO/PO.
Para 47) According to the General Prosecution Office, in relation with criminal offense "Domestic Violence" from 2016–2018, the number of recorded criminal proceedings is: 3566 cases, with an increase of percentage year by year. The Prosecution Office submitted before the court over 79% of the criminal proceedings cases.
Para 48) An online registration system on statistical data on domestic violence at the local level is operational. National Data System on domestic violence cases at the local level (REVALB) is used by 22 municipalities. Local violence coordinators in each municipality collect data on cases identified and addressed by the Referral Mechanism for Addressing Cases of Domestic Violence (Referral Mechanism). The system registers every case of violence identified and addressed by the local referral mechanism.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 30) JS5 further observed that the number of protection orders increased by one third due to increased awareness by victims of domestic violence, as well as the increased accountability of responsible institutions in addressing domestic violence. JS5 noted that courts dismissed an alarming number of protection order cases mostly because the petitioner had asked to withdraw the request or because the offender had failed to show up to the court hearing or following reconciliation.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:PortugalPortugalRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Continue to take steps to fully implement the Law on Protection from Discrimination in relation to discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 35) A new Code of Administrative Procedures (Law 44/2015) was approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania on 30.04.2015 and entered into force on 28.05.2016. An important step is the provision related the reverse of the burden of proof in matters of discrimination. The public body should be guided by the principle of equality and antidiscrimination for grounds provided by law, including gender and gender identity.
Para 120) The National Action Plan for Non-discrimination on the Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity 2012-2014 and the National Action Plan for LGBTI Persons 2016-2020 foresee several measures to address discrimination and integration of these groups. The strategic goals are: Improving the legal and institutional framework, as well as raising awareness on non-discrimination and protection of LGBTI people's rights, in line with international standards; Elimination of all forms of discrimination against the LGBTI community, through capacity building of law enforcement structures; Improving access to employment, education, health, housing and sports for LGBTI persons, while guaranteeing their equal opportunities.
UN Compilation:
Para 6) The United Nations country team noted that despite legal developments to promote non-discrimination, discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons persisted, including denial of their right to marry and have a family, the right to gender reassignment surgery for transgender persons, and the right to self-determination in relation to bodily integrity for intersex persons. The country team also noted that there was an urgent need to improve the range of and access to high quality sexual and reproductive health services for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons. It recommended that Albania enforce the current legislation and national action plan and improve access to sexual and reproductive health services. 13 The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reported that it had led the “free and equal” campaign to promote equal rights for and fair treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, through the media and national events.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 5) Joint Submission 3 (JS3) stated that Article 18 of the Constitution included the grounds for prohibition from discrimination and did not include sexual orientation and gender identity as a prohibited ground for discrimination. It noted the adoption of the 2015 resolution by the Parliament “On protection of rights and freedoms of persons belonging to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community in Albania” , of the LGBTI National Action Plan for 2016-2020, and of the 2015 amendments to the Labour Code prohibiting discrimination in employment and professions on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity. S3 reported, however, that the Family Code defined marriage only between a man and a woman, and did not guarantee the right of LGBTI couples to adopt or have children via artificial insemination, limiting patrimonial rights. Despite the development of a manual on detecting hate crimes on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, and of a series of trainings for police officers, JS3 observed that the police force remained largely untrained and uninformed on LGBTI rights. The number of reported hate-crime cases on the ground of sexual orientation and gender identity was very low and data collection on hate crimes was still lacking. JS3 also noted the reported frequent use of homophobic slurs and bullying against LGBT students in schools, while school psychologists largely ignored the requests for support and, in some cases, offered conversion therapies. JS3 further noted that transgender students were forced to drop out from schools because of isolation and discrimination.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 20) JS7 reported that LGBTI persons lacked full access to healthcare and experienced poor quality of service due to discrimination, stigmatization and negative attitudes. JS3 specified that transgender persons faced discrimination or refusal of services from health professionals on the grounds of their gender identity, and that there were no medical multidisciplinary team working with intersex babies nor written protocols for establishing intersex diagnosis.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:Reference AddressedContents:The HR Committee noted the 2013 amendment of the Criminal Code, widening protection against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. However, it was concerned at stereotypes and prejudices against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons and negative statements by public officials against them. CEDAW called on Albania to implement fully the Law on Protection from Discrimination in relation to discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. [Para 10] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:N/AContents:During this period numerous laws and bylaws have been amended and adopted, mainly those ensuring the promotion and protection of human rights: Amendments to the laws: "On measures against violence in family relations"(2010) ... [Para 7] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:GreeceGreeceRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:QuestionSession:6th session, December 2009Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:Requested further information about actions and measures to be undertaken in order to [...] increase public awareness on gender equality and women rights. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SpainSpainRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Adhere to the OP-CRPD, and adopt the necessary measures for its correct and comprehensive implementation.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:EgyptEgyptRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOICALOIFIssue:
- Inappropriate content
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Provide support and protection to the family as a natural and fundamental unit of society.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:GeorgiaGeorgiaRegional groupEEGIssue:
- International human rights instruments
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Continue its efforts to bring the national legal framework into compliance with the Istanbul Convention.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:MaldivesMaldivesRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICCommonwealthIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Training for state personnel on sexual rights issues
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Provide adequate training for law enforcement agencies to respond, investigate, efficiently manage cases of gender-based violence including domestic violence.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SyriaSyriaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupOICALIssue:
- Marginalized groups of women
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Address institutional discrimination against Roma, and take measures to achieve equality regarding the access of Roma women, girls and infants to medical care.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Abortion
- Marginalized groups of women
- Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:... CEDAW was concerned about the excessive use of abortion as a method of birth control, and that women living in rural and remote areas and Roma and Egyptian women continued to have limited access to primary health care and sexual and reproductive health-care services, and were often unaware of the availability of those services. [Para 24]
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
- Marginalized groups of women
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:The health status of pregnant Roma women was also a cause of concern. [Para 44]
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:ChileChileRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Fully implement the National Strategy on Gender Equality and Domestic Violence, intended to tackle violence against women.ImplementationUN Compilation:
Para 16) Several treaty bodies welcomed the National Strategy on Gender Equality and Reduction of Gender-based Violence in the Family for 2011-2015. While commending the criminalization of domestic violence and spousal rape, the HR Committee noted with regret the continuing reports of domestic violence against women and children. It was concerned at: reports of ineffective police investigation into complaints of domestic violence; the low number of convictions; and the lack of follow-up to protection orders and of a sufficient number of shelters for victims of domestic violence. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Family planning
- Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
- Sexual and / or reproductive rights and / or health broadly
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:N/AContents:Several measures are undertaken for offering of health service to this (Roma) community as well as to the entire population, mother and child care, vaccination of Roma children, health education services, reproductive health, family planning etc. [Para 87] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:Reference AddressedContents:In 2006, the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography (the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children) stated that the legal framework lacks a definition of the crimes of sale of children and child pornography. [Para 7] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:Reference AddressedContents:CEDAW recommended that Albania address gender stereotypes that perpetuate discrimination against women. [Para 6] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:VietnamVietnamRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupASEANOIFIssue:
- Gender equality
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Give priority to and allocate resources for implementing current national strategies, programmes and measures, with more focus on addressing the challenges and disparities in employment, education and health care, especially for vulnerable groups of women, children, migrants and the elderly.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 33) Amendments to the Electoral Code in 2013 on the parliamentary elections, which requiring at least 30% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. Amendments of Electoral Code for the 2015 local elections upon a proposal of the Alliance of Women Members of Parliament provide that: 50% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. As a result, the current representation of women in the Assembly is 27.85% (39 women out of 140). Women’s representation in the Government is respectively: 8 ministers or 42%; Women’s representation in the city councils is 34.6% (from 12% after the 2011 elections) and 9 mayors (14.7%) out of a total of 61 mayors. Progress has been made in relation with the representation in the public administration. Para 34) Amendments of the Labor Code in December 2015 introduced new provisions, with direct impact in women, including: an improved definition of sexual harassment in the work place; the reverse of the burden of proof for sexual harassment; additional guarantees for women’s return to work after their maternity leave; non-discriminatory remuneration for all, and not only for men and women, etc.
Para 35) A new Code of Administrative Procedures (Law 44/2015) was approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania on 30.04.2015 and entered into force on 28.05.2016. An important step is the provision related the reverse of the burden of proof in matters of discrimination. The public body should be guided by the principle of equality and antidiscrimination for grounds provided by law, including gender and gender identity.
Para 36) Several bylaws in relation to economic position of women were adopted , such as: On the right to withdraw economic aid, exclusively by women, that will increase the access to financial resources; Specific measures are adopted to support women entrepreneurs and women's development initiatives in rural areas.
UN Compilation:
Para 29) The United Nations country team noted that legislation on gender equality, nondiscrimination and domestic violence had improved, and that Albania was implementing the third National Strategy on Gender Equality for 2016–2020. CEDAW welcomed the amendment to the Labour Code that defined and reversed the burden of proof in cases of sexual harassment, …
Para 33) [CEDAW] welcomed the amendments made in 2015 to the Electoral Code, which established a 50 per cent quota for candidates from both sexes for local elections, and noted an increase in the number of women participating in political and public life.
Para 34) [CEDAW] was also concerned about the concentration of women in the informal labour market without adequate labour and social protection, the significant gender wage gap, particularly in the private sector, and the extremely low minimum wage that disproportionately affected women.83 The United Nations country team raised similar concerns.
Para 35) [CEDAW] welcomed the adoption of the action plan for supporting women entrepreneurs for 2014–202085 and the amendment made in 2014 to the Law on Social Assistance and Social Services, which provided for social assistance to be paid directly to women. Nevertheless, the Committee noted with concern the limited implementation of those measures, in particular at the local level and with regard to women and girls belonging to disadvantaged or marginalized groups.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 23) … JS1 also stated that girls often had fewer opportunities to attend secondary and tertiary education compared to boys.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:IrelandIrelandRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Establish appropriate shelters and social services for victims of domestic violence, as well as a system of victim compensation and reintegration.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 41) Law "On legal aid", which entered into force on 1 June 2018, provide access to justice for individuals with economic difficulties including disadvantaged groups. The law defines conditions, procedures and rules on administration of legal aid guaranteed by the state, equal access to the justice system, professional legal aid, and state institutions responsible for administering legal aid. This law provides as beneficiaries of stateguaranteed legal aid regardless of their income and property, expressly victims of domestic violence, sexually abused victims and victims of trafficking in human beings, to other categories such as child victims and juveniles in conflict with the law, persons in social care, persons without legal capacity to act and victims of discriminatory behavior.
Para 42) Law No.22 / 2018 "On Social Housing", with regard of social housing programs provides for priority in terms of securing social housing victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking and potential victims of trafficking.
Para 44) National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for cases of violence in family relations was established at the local level in 60 municipalities (out of the then total of 61 municipalities), as well employees for gender equality, with the role of local coordinators against domestic violence. Since 2016 are adopted standards of services for victims of domestic violence. There is need for a multidisciplinary, rapid and effective approach, for national and local government units' awareness on budgeting of gender priorities, applying for funding to provide social services for victims of domestic violence.
Para 45) The State Police has established a telephone service number 129 or 11 for all emergencies which operates 24 hours in 7 days. Since 2017, the Free Counselling Line 116- 117, is offering free of charge primary service of psycho-emotional support, counselling and assistance for the referral of violence, in a secure and confidential environment. National service counselling standards for victims of domestic violence were adopted.
Para 49) There are 6 non-public centers providing residential services (2 in Tirana, 1 in Berat, 1 in Korca, 1 in Elbasan, 1 in Vlora). In December 2018, was opened a Crisis Management Center for Victims of Sexual Violence “Lilium Center”, at the premises of the Tirana University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa". This Center provides 24/7 integrated services to victims of sexual violence by a multidisciplinary team. Standards of this Center were approved by Instruction of the Minister of Health and Social Protection in November 2018.
Para 78) The provision of services to victims of domestic violence has been strengthened. The number of children accommodated annually is relatively consistent, from 38–59 cases per year. A tailored integration service plan is developed for each child that includes their enrolment and monitoring of school attendance. Various awareness-raising and entertainment activities are carried out aiming to develop their social and cognitive skills. Specialist social workers and psychologists at the centre support the mothers to become part of the employment and housing schemes offered by the local government or non-profit organisations, in order to improve their financial situation. Other services available to victims, provided by public and private centres include, housing and psycho-social support, referral for medical care, legal aid, professional training courses, and employment mediation.
UN Compilation:
Para 30) … CEDAW was concerned about the prevalence of gender-based violence, the low rate of reporting of cases of gender-based violence against women, the insufficient implementation of the national referral mechanism, the insufficient number of shelters for victims of gender-based violence and the restrictive criteria for admission to those shelters, and the frequent failure to enforce protection orders and emergency protection orders. The country team made similar observations and highlighted that women from disadvantaged groups faced additional barriers to accessing services.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 27) … Both, JS5 and JS2 reported that the Law “On Free Legal Aid provided by the State” 111/2017, which provided the right for victims of domestic violence to obtain legal assistance, had not been fully implemented.
Para 29) According to JS5, victims of sexual violence received little protection and few services as the country did not have rape crisis centers or sexual violence referral centers. Victims also faced problems accessing short-term housing with the number of shelters in the country and their capacity being insufficient. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:VenezuelaVenezuelaRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIACSIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Further increase concrete measures in the framework of the 2011-2015 Strategy and Action Plan for the promotion and protection of gender equality and women's rights.ImplementationUN Compilation:
Para 29) The United Nations country team noted that legislation on gender equality, nondiscrimination and domestic violence had improved, and that Albania was implementing the third National Strategy on Gender Equality for 2016–2020.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:NetherlandsNetherlandsRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
- Gender equality
- Sex selection / "foeticide"
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Develop programmes and policies that foster norms and attitudes of zero tolerance for harmful and discriminatory attitudes towards gender, including the preference for sons, which can result in harmful and unethical practices such as prenatal sex selection.ExplanationThe National Strategy on Gender Equality, 2011-2015 and its Action Plan, provides: strengthening the legal and institutional mechanism; increasing participation of women in decision-making; economic empowerment of women and girls; reducing gender-based violence. Financial costs and funding sources are defined already for its implementation. These policies will address the needs of vulnerable groups of women, in disadvantage situations related to their disabilities, social and ethnic origin or sexual orientation. Awareness programs and campaigns are developing on the elimination of gender discrimination.
The 3-year strategy, on the education on prenatal sex selection, which will be implemented in the 2nd half of the year 2014, provides:
- Awareness campaigns, educational activities on prenatal sex selection and its long- term consequences;
- models and approaches to influence gender norms and practices within families and society;
- training of professionals related to selective abortion, and the disruption of birth ratio;
- strengthening the cooperation with civil society organizations;
- improvement of data monitoring system for the registration of births in health institutions.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 25) The United Nations country team noted that, according to national analytical studies and surveys, sex-selective abortions were still being performed in both private and public clinics without any serious legal or procedural barriers.
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State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:Reference AddressedContents:JS5 stated that children involved in prostitution were not exempt from criminal responsibility and therefore, in principle, they could be prosecuted for being victims of child prostitution. It recommended that the Penal Code be amended to contain a specific provision which would expressly state that child victims of prostitution should not be prosecuted. JS5 also recommended that the Penal Code expressly criminalize the following offences: offering, obtaining, procuring or providing a child for child prostitution. [Para 21]