Displaying 426 - 450 of 58160 recommendations found
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Reference AddressedContents:The country team ... stressed the need to provide women and children who had been isolated as a result of blood feuds with economic aid, social services, education and health care, including a basic package of primary health-care services. [Para 12]
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Marginalized groups of women
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:JS1 reported that girl children in conflict with the law continued to be kept in the same premises as women … [Para 11]
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Outcome ReportIssue:
- Contraception
- Sexual harassment
- Marginalized groups of women
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:CommentSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:N/AContents:International-Lawyers.org commended the improvements made by Albania in the areas of the rights of both women and children, including greater representation in government, mothers’ right to return to work after maternity leave and reversing the burden of proof in sexual harassment cases. It noted that, despite these advancements, Roma and Egyptian women and children remained two vulnerable groups. It noted that improving access to education for women would increase school enrolment and completion, delay marriage, and provide job opportunities and that access to birth control would delay the first childbirth resulting in better health outcomes. Nutrition and health services would result in improved weight, less infections and decreased mortality among children. [Para 432] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:ThailandThailandRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupASEANIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Ensure equality of women and men in accessing socioeconomic services, including property tenure, and health care and services.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 33) Amendments to the Electoral Code in 2013 on the parliamentary elections, which requiring at least 30% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. Amendments of Electoral Code for the 2015 local elections upon a proposal of the Alliance of Women Members of Parliament provide that: 50% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. As a result, the current representation of women in the Assembly is 27.85% (39 women out of 140). Women’s representation in the Government is respectively: 8 ministers or 42%; Women’s representation in the city councils is 34.6% (from 12% after the 2011 elections) and 9 mayors (14.7%) out of a total of 61 mayors. Progress has been made in relation with the representation in the public administration. Para 34) Amendments of the Labor Code in December 2015 introduced new provisions, with direct impact in women, including: an improved definition of sexual harassment in the work place; the reverse of the burden of proof for sexual harassment; additional guarantees for women’s return to work after their maternity leave; non-discriminatory remuneration for all, and not only for men and women, etc.
Para 35) A new Code of Administrative Procedures (Law 44/2015) was approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania on 30.04.2015 and entered into force on 28.05.2016. An important step is the provision related the reverse of the burden of proof in matters of discrimination. The public body should be guided by the principle of equality and antidiscrimination for grounds provided by law, including gender and gender identity.
Para 36) Several bylaws in relation to economic position of women were adopted , such as: On the right to withdraw economic aid, exclusively by women, that will increase the access to financial resources; Specific measures are adopted to support women entrepreneurs and women's development initiatives in rural areas.
UN Compilation:
Para 29) The United Nations country team noted that legislation on gender equality, nondiscrimination and domestic violence had improved, and that Albania was implementing the third National Strategy on Gender Equality for 2016–2020. CEDAW welcomed the amendment to the Labour Code that defined and reversed the burden of proof in cases of sexual harassment, …
Para 33) [CEDAW] welcomed the amendments made in 2015 to the Electoral Code, which established a 50 per cent quota for candidates from both sexes for local elections, and noted an increase in the number of women participating in political and public life.
Para 34) [CEDAW] was also concerned about the concentration of women in the informal labour market without adequate labour and social protection, the significant gender wage gap, particularly in the private sector, and the extremely low minimum wage that disproportionately affected women.83 The United Nations country team raised similar concerns.
Para 35) [CEDAW] welcomed the adoption of the action plan for supporting women entrepreneurs for 2014–202085 and the amendment made in 2014 to the Law on Social Assistance and Social Services, which provided for social assistance to be paid directly to women. Nevertheless, the Committee noted with concern the limited implementation of those measures, in particular at the local level and with regard to women and girls belonging to disadvantaged or marginalized groups.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 23) … JS1 also stated that girls often had fewer opportunities to attend secondary and tertiary education compared to boys.
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:LithuaniaLithuaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Provide the necessary assistance to the victims of domestic violence, including through the adoption of rehabilitation and reintegration programmes.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 41) Law "On legal aid", which entered into force on 1 June 2018, provide access to justice for individuals with economic difficulties including disadvantaged groups. The law defines conditions, procedures and rules on administration of legal aid guaranteed by the state, equal access to the justice system, professional legal aid, and state institutions responsible for administering legal aid. This law provides as beneficiaries of stateguaranteed legal aid regardless of their income and property, expressly victims of domestic violence, sexually abused victims and victims of trafficking in human beings, to other categories such as child victims and juveniles in conflict with the law, persons in social care, persons without legal capacity to act and victims of discriminatory behavior.
Para 42) Law No.22 / 2018 "On Social Housing", with regard of social housing programs provides for priority in terms of securing social housing victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking and potential victims of trafficking.
Para 44) National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for cases of violence in family relations was established at the local level in 60 municipalities (out of the then total of 61 municipalities), as well employees for gender equality, with the role of local coordinators against domestic violence. Since 2016 are adopted standards of services for victims of domestic violence. There is need for a multidisciplinary, rapid and effective approach, for national and local government units' awareness on budgeting of gender priorities, applying for funding to provide social services for victims of domestic violence.
Para 45) The State Police has established a telephone service number 129 or 11 for all emergencies which operates 24 hours in 7 days. Since 2017, the Free Counselling Line 116- 117, is offering free of charge primary service of psycho-emotional support, counselling and assistance for the referral of violence, in a secure and confidential environment. National service counselling standards for victims of domestic violence were adopted.
Para 49) There are 6 non-public centers providing residential services (2 in Tirana, 1 in Berat, 1 in Korca, 1 in Elbasan, 1 in Vlora). In December 2018, was opened a Crisis Management Center for Victims of Sexual Violence “Lilium Center”, at the premises of the Tirana University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa". This Center provides 24/7 integrated services to victims of sexual violence by a multidisciplinary team. Standards of this Center were approved by Instruction of the Minister of Health and Social Protection in November 2018.
Para 78) The provision of services to victims of domestic violence has been strengthened. The number of children accommodated annually is relatively consistent, from 38–59 cases per year. A tailored integration service plan is developed for each child that includes their enrolment and monitoring of school attendance. Various awareness-raising and entertainment activities are carried out aiming to develop their social and cognitive skills. Specialist social workers and psychologists at the centre support the mothers to become part of the employment and housing schemes offered by the local government or non-profit organisations, in order to improve their financial situation. Other services available to victims, provided by public and private centres include, housing and psycho-social support, referral for medical care, legal aid, professional training courses, and employment mediation.
UN Compilation:
Para 30) … CEDAW was concerned about the prevalence of gender-based violence, the low rate of reporting of cases of gender-based violence against women, the insufficient implementation of the national referral mechanism, the insufficient number of shelters for victims of gender-based violence and the restrictive criteria for admission to those shelters, and the frequent failure to enforce protection orders and emergency protection orders. The country team made similar observations and highlighted that women from disadvantaged groups faced additional barriers to accessing services.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 27) … Both, JS5 and JS2 reported that the Law “On Free Legal Aid provided by the State” 111/2017, which provided the right for victims of domestic violence to obtain legal assistance, had not been fully implemented.
Para 29) According to JS5, victims of sexual violence received little protection and few services as the country did not have rape crisis centers or sexual violence referral centers. Victims also faced problems accessing short-term housing with the number of shelters in the country and their capacity being insufficient. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:AustriaAustriaRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Gender equality
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Fully implement without further delay the provisions of the national action plan on gender equality and domestic violence.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 43) The National Strategy on Gender Equality and Action Plan 2016-2020 provides specific objectives, indicators and budgets for each activity. The National Strategy and Action Plan on Gender Equality 2016–2020 provides for a comprehensive multi-sectoral response to gender-based violence and domestic violence and contains several measures on preventing and addressing violence against women, children and supporting the women and child victims.
UN Compilation:
Para 30) The United Nations country team noted that the amendments made in 2018 to the law on measures against domestic violence had improved the legal definition of domestic violence, … CEDAW was concerned about the prevalence of gender-based violence, the low rate of reporting of cases of gender-based violence against women, the insufficient implementation of the national referral mechanism, the insufficient number of shelters for victims of gender-based violence and the restrictive criteria for admission to those shelters, and the frequent failure to enforce protection orders and emergency protection orders. The country team made similar observations and highlighted that women from disadvantaged groups faced additional barriers to accessing services.
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:RwandaRwandaRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupAUOIFCommonwealthIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's participation
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Increase the number of women in political and public life in both national and local government bodies and address gender stereotypes that perpetrate discrimination against women.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 33) Amendments to the Electoral Code in 2013 on the parliamentary elections, which requiring at least 30% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. Amendments of Electoral Code for the 2015 local elections upon a proposal of the Alliance of Women Members of Parliament provide that: 50% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. As a result, the current representation of women in the Assembly is 27.85% (39 women out of 140). Women’s representation in the Government is respectively: 8 ministers or 42%; Women’s representation in the city councils is 34.6% (from 12% after the 2011 elections) and 9 mayors (14.7%) out of a total of 61 mayors. Progress has been made in relation with the representation in the public administration. Para 34) Amendments of the Labor Code in December 2015 introduced new provisions, with direct impact in women, including: an improved definition of sexual harassment in the work place; the reverse of the burden of proof for sexual harassment; additional guarantees for women’s return to work after their maternity leave; non-discriminatory remuneration for all, and not only for men and women, etc.
Para 35) A new Code of Administrative Procedures (Law 44/2015) was approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania on 30.04.2015 and entered into force on 28.05.2016. An important step is the provision related the reverse of the burden of proof in matters of discrimination. The public body should be guided by the principle of equality and antidiscrimination for grounds provided by law, including gender and gender identity.
Para 36) Several bylaws in relation to economic position of women were adopted , such as: On the right to withdraw economic aid, exclusively by women, that will increase the access to financial resources; Specific measures are adopted to support women entrepreneurs and women's development initiatives in rural areas.
UN Compilation:
Para 31) CEDAW expressed concern about the persistence of gender stereotypes and harmful practices.
Para 33) [CEDAW] welcomed the amendments made in 2015 to the Electoral Code, which established a 50 per cent quota for candidates from both sexes for local elections, and noted an increase in the number of women participating in political and public life.
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- HIV and AIDS
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:NeglectedContents:UNCT stated that legislation established criminal responsibility for HIV transmission. It recommended that legislation be revisited and brought into line with international human rights norms. [Para 54] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:N/AContents:Public and non-public Institutions as well as daily centers of Social Care under the Ministry of Social Welfare and Youth provide services for children, third age people, public and non-public residential for women and girls in need. [Para 23] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Sexual abuse
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:NeglectedContents:Fulfil the rights of orphans to special protection throughout their childhood, as well as their other rights, including to education, and to protection from neglect, ill-treatment and sexual abuse or exploitation, as set out in the CRC. [Para 21] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SwedenSwedenRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Gender equality
- Women's participation
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Take further measures to ensure equality between men and women, including through facilitation of women's participation in public affairs and the labour market.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 65) The Electoral Code provides that 30 % of the multi nominal list in each electoral zone must belong to each gender and it also lays down sanctions for political subjects failing to fulfill the gender quota with the aim of increasing the participation of women and girls in public life.
Para 66) For the first time, in the newly established government (2013), women hold 6 positions (31%) of the Government cabinet, 7 positions as deputy ministers, while in Parliament women hold 28 positions (20%).
Para 67) Furthermore, women are also elected at the local government level as majors, head of communes, head of regions, members of municipality councils and appointed in crucial positions as prefects.
Para 68) The number of women in public administration and judiciary has increased at all levels too.
Para 69) Economic empowerment of women and girls remains one of the long-term government priorities and one of the priorities of the Gender Equality National Strategy and Reduction of Gender Based Violence and Domestic Violence Strategy 2011-2015.
Para 70) State policies are focused on supporting the empowerment of rural women and Rural Development Strategy is oriented to create employment opportunities in rural areas. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:ChileChileRegional groupGRULACPolitical groupOASOEIIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:AcceptedContents:Ratify the main international human rights instruments, particularly CRPD and its OP.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 43) The CRPD was ratified by the Albanian Assembly in November 2012. Concerning the OP of the Convention, the Albanian authorities are evaluating this recommendation and shall soon consider its signing and ratification. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Sexual abuse
- Sex work / "prostitution"
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
- Trafficking in women and / or girls
- Pornography
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:N/AContents:The Criminal Code provides for a series of provisions which address the domestic violence, also defines the aggravating circumstances when the victim is a minor, a pregnant woman, as well as the consequences brought about by the committal of the criminal offense. The continuous amendments to the Criminal Code have envisaged not only specific provisions to protect children and women against ill-treatment, sexual abuse, trafficking, prostitution, pornography, indecent acts, but also the legal developments in continuation have laid down a considerable increase of the amount of punishment against the perpetrators of these criminal offenses. [Para 97] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:Stakeholder SummaryIssue:
- Violence against women / gender-based violence
- Domestic violence
Type:Review DocumentationSession:6th session, December 2009Status:NeglectedContents:Take active steps to amend the Criminal Code and introduce a specific offence of domestic violence. [Para 6] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:CzechiaCzechiaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Intersex persons' rights
- Discrimination based on sexual orientation
- Discrimination based on gender identity
- Rights of same-sex desiring persons
- Transgender persons' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Take effective measures against persisting discrimination of LGBTI persons, ensure non-discriminatory access of LGBTI persons to health services and introduce LGBTI education to school curriculum.
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:FranceFranceRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOIFIssue:
- Sexuality education
- Women's and / or girls' rights
- HIV and AIDS
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Improve access to health services and prevention in public health, particularly with regard to access to care for persons belonging to minorities, young persons and women, HIV prevention and the development of sexual education.
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SwedenSwedenRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUIssue:
- Training for state personnel on sexual rights issues
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Ensure the full implementation of the Law on Measures against Violence in Family Relations through the development of bylaws, allocation of sufficient funding and training of staff to ensure adequate support to victims of violence.
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:MalaysiaMalaysiaRegional groupAsia-Pacific GroupPolitical groupASEANOICCommonwealthIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:AcceptedContents:Continue providing adequate resources for prevention and rehabilitation services for victims of domestic violence.
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:SpainSpainRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupEUOEIIssue:
- Intersex persons' rights
- Rights of same-sex desiring persons
- Transgender persons' rights
Type:QuestionSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:N/AContents:We are concerned about the elimination of the Social Welfare and Youth ministerial portfolio and would like to know which institution would be then responsible for the implementation of the National Action Plan for LGBTI 2016-2020. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:33rd Session, May 2019Status:Not Followed up with a RecommendationContents:CEDAW … recommended that Albania reverse the burden of proof in cases of alleged sex-based or gender-based discrimination, in favour of claimants. [Para 29]
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:IsraelIsraelRegional groupWEOGIssue:
- International human rights instruments
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Ratify the OP-CRPD. -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:TurkeyTurkeyRegional groupWEOGPolitical groupOICIssue:
- Domestic violence
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Continue adopting and implementing robust measures to better address domestic violence, and develop programmes to assist the victims of domestic violence and programmes to assist the victims of domestic violence.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 38) Zero Tolerance of Violence against Women and Domestic Violence is a motto of the Albanian government. Law 47/2018 “On Measures against Violence in Family Relations’ has been amended to ensure compliance with the CoE Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Several protection measures, particularly related to domestic violence, included in Law 18/2017, are: prevention and reduction of cases of domestic violence; prediction of the preliminary emergency protection order; participation of the psychologist and the preparation of a report to the police: increasing the efficiency and cooperation of the responsible structures; increasing qualified judicial support for victims of domestic violence.
Para 39) On December 2017, the Assembly of the RoA approved the Resolution "On combating violence against women and girls and increasing the effectiveness of legal mechanisms for its prevention", and established the Permanent Parliamentary Subcommittee on Gender Equality and Prevention of violence against women.
Para 40) Amendments of the Criminal Code, recognising domestic violence, sexual violence, engagement in sexual activity by use of force between spouses or cohabitants and enforced disappearance against pregnant women, children and unprotected persons as a criminal offence.
Para 41) Law "On legal aid", which entered into force on 1 June 2018, provide access to justice for individuals with economic difficulties including disadvantaged groups. The law defines conditions, procedures and rules on administration of legal aid guaranteed by the state, equal access to the justice system, professional legal aid, and state institutions responsible for administering legal aid. This law provides as beneficiaries of stateguaranteed legal aid regardless of their income and property, expressly victims of domestic violence, sexually abused victims and victims of trafficking in human beings, to other categories such as child victims and juveniles in conflict with the law, persons in social care, persons without legal capacity to act and victims of discriminatory behavior.
Para 42) Law No.22 / 2018 "On Social Housing", with regard of social housing programs provides for priority in terms of securing social housing victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking and potential victims of trafficking.
Para 43) The National Strategy on Gender Equality and Action Plan 2016-2020 provides specific objectives, indicators and budgets for each activity. The National Strategy and Action Plan on Gender Equality 2016–2020 provides for a comprehensive multi-sectoral response to gender-based violence and domestic violence and contains several measures on preventing and addressing violence against women, children and supporting the women and child victims. Para 44) National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for cases of violence in family relations was established at the local level in 60 municipalities (out of the then total of 61 municipalities), as well employees for gender equality, with the role of local coordinators against domestic violence. Since 2016 are adopted standards of services for victims of domestic violence. There is need for a multidisciplinary, rapid and effective approach, for national and local government units' awareness on budgeting of gender priorities, applying for funding to provide social services for victims of domestic violence.
Para 45) The State Police has established a telephone service number 129 or 11 for all emergencies which operates 24 hours in 7 days. Since 2017, the Free Counselling Line 116- 117, is offering free of charge primary service of psycho-emotional support, counselling and assistance for the referral of violence, in a secure and confidential environment. National service counselling standards for victims of domestic violence were adopted.
Para 46) An increase in reporting and cases management, particularly in cases of domestic violence, has been evidenced by the State Police. During 2016–2018, there are in total 13661 cases of domestic violence: 6187 claims for Emergency Protection Orders and Protection Orders (EPO / PO-7837 women and girls identified as victims of violence. 7847 lawsuits for EPO/PO.
Para 47) According to the General Prosecution Office, in relation with criminal offense "Domestic Violence" from 2016–2018, the number of recorded criminal proceedings is: 3566 cases, with an increase of percentage year by year. The Prosecution Office submitted before the court over 79% of the criminal proceedings cases.
Para 48) An online registration system on statistical data on domestic violence at the local level is operational. National Data System on domestic violence cases at the local level (REVALB) is used by 22 municipalities. Local violence coordinators in each municipality collect data on cases identified and addressed by the Referral Mechanism for Addressing Cases of Domestic Violence (Referral Mechanism). The system registers every case of violence identified and addressed by the local referral mechanism.
Para 49) There are 6 non-public centers providing residential services (2 in Tirana, 1 in Berat, 1 in Korca, 1 in Elbasan, 1 in Vlora). In December 2018, was opened a Crisis Management Center for Victims of Sexual Violence “Lilium Center”, at the premises of the Tirana University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa". This Center provides 24/7 integrated services to victims of sexual violence by a multidisciplinary team. Standards of this Center were approved by Instruction of the Minister of Health and Social Protection in November 2018.
Para 50) The awareness raising activities have been organized by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection within “the 16 days of activism against gender based violence and domestic violence” (25 November-10 December yearly), in close cooperation with line ministries, civil society organisations, international organizations.
UN Compilation:
Para 29) The United Nations country team noted that legislation on gender equality, nondiscrimination and domestic violence had improved, and that Albania was implementing the third National Strategy on Gender Equality for 2016–2020. CEDAW welcomed the amendment to the Labour Code that defined and reversed the burden of proof in cases of sexual harassment, …
Para 30) The United Nations country team noted that the amendments made in 2018 to the law on measures against domestic violence had improved the legal definition of domestic violence, … CEDAW was concerned about the prevalence of gender-based violence, the low rate of reporting of cases of gender-based violence against women, the insufficient implementation of the national referral mechanism, the insufficient number of shelters for victims of gender-based violence and the restrictive criteria for admission to those shelters, and the frequent failure to enforce protection orders and emergency protection orders. The country team made similar observations and highlighted that women from disadvantaged groups faced additional barriers to accessing services.
Stakeholder Summary:
Para 15) Joint Submission 2 (JS2) reported that the Criminal Procedure Code was amended by Law no. 35/2017 and for the first time stipulated the procedural rights of victims of trafficking and sexual violence. It stated, however, that the country’s legislation did not guarantee the victims’ compensation. Under the Criminal Procedure Code, the State had the sole and exclusive ownership over the assets obtained through the seizure of criminal proceeds.
Para 26) JS5 reported that domestic violence remained a widespread problem in Albania and exceeded all other crimes as the offence with the largest number of victims.78 It stated that there had been an increase in the number of prosecutions for repeat offenses and for violating civil orders for protection.
Para 27) JS5 and JS2 reported that the recent amendments to the Law “On measures against violence in domestic relations” 7/2018, for the first time, provided for Emergency Protection Orders by the State Police. JS5 also reported that article 130/a of the Criminal Code defined domestic violence, but did not cover current or former partners where the victim and perpetrator were not married or did not live together. Both, JS5 and JS2 reported that the Law “On Free Legal Aid provided by the State” 111/2017, which provided the right for victims of domestic violence to obtain legal assistance, had not been fully implemented.
Para 29) According to JS5, victims of sexual violence received little protection and few services as the country did not have rape crisis centers or sexual violence referral centers. Victims also faced problems accessing short-term housing with the number of shelters in the country and their capacity being insufficient.
Para 30) JS5 further observed that the number of protection orders increased by one third due to increased awareness by victims of domestic violence, as well as the increased accountability of responsible institutions in addressing domestic violence. JS5 noted that courts dismissed an alarming number of protection order cases mostly because the petitioner had asked to withdraw the request or because the offender had failed to show up to the court hearing or following reconciliation.
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:MoroccoMoroccoRegional groupAfrica GroupPolitical groupOICALOIFIssue:
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:RecommendationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:AcceptedContents:Improve the legal framework in the field of human rights, especially the rights of the child, women's rights, the rights of persons with disabilities and the rights of minorities.ImplementationNational Report:
Para 33) Amendments to the Electoral Code in 2013 on the parliamentary elections, which requiring at least 30% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. Amendments of Electoral Code for the 2015 local elections upon a proposal of the Alliance of Women Members of Parliament provide that: 50% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. As a result, the current representation of women in the Assembly is 27.85% (39 women out of 140). Women’s representation in the Government is respectively: 8 ministers or 42%; Women’s representation in the city councils is 34.6% (from 12% after the 2011 elections) and 9 mayors (14.7%) out of a total of 61 mayors. Progress has been made in relation with the representation in the public administration. Para 34) Amendments of the Labor Code in December 2015 introduced new provisions, with direct impact in women, including: an improved definition of sexual harassment in the work place; the reverse of the burden of proof for sexual harassment; additional guarantees for women’s return to work after their maternity leave; non-discriminatory remuneration for all, and not only for men and women, etc.
Para 35) A new Code of Administrative Procedures (Law 44/2015) was approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania on 30.04.2015 and entered into force on 28.05.2016. An important step is the provision related the reverse of the burden of proof in matters of discrimination. The public body should be guided by the principle of equality and antidiscrimination for grounds provided by law, including gender and gender identity.
Para 36) Several bylaws in relation to economic position of women were adopted , such as: On the right to withdraw economic aid, exclusively by women, that will increase the access to financial resources; Specific measures are adopted to support women entrepreneurs and women's development initiatives in rural areas.
-
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:UN CompilationIssue:
- Sexual abuse
- Sexual exploitation / slavery
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:Reference AddressedContents:... It urged Albania to revise its legislation to ensure that children up to the age of 18 were protected against sexual abuse and exploitation. [Para 19; CRC] -
State Under Review:AlbaniaAlbaniaRegional groupEEGPolitical groupOICOIFSource Of Reference:National ReportIssue:
- Gender equality
- Domestic violence
- Women's and / or girls' rights
Type:Review DocumentationSession:19th session, May 2014Status:N/AContents:... During 2010-2013 the legal and normative framework on the protection of human rights has been enhanced and constantly complemented concerning discrimination, protection of the rights of the child, women's rights, gender equality, domestic violence ... [Para 3]