UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 41751 - 41775 of 58126 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Serbia

    Serbia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue with undertaking actions whose objective is to reduce discriminatory behaviour against women.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Haiti

    Haiti
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    ACS
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts to revise and implement the single parent family support law with a view of introducing measures to ensure that women, in particular single mothers, can have access without fear of discrimination to employment, equal pay and matrimonial rights, as a follow up to recommendations nos. 124.28, 124.29, 124.36 and 124. 47.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    The Committee against Torture recommended revising the 2015 agreement to ensure that the surviving victims of sexual slavery during the Second World War were provided with redress, including the right to compensation and rehabilitation, and that they were guaranteed the right to truth, reparation and assurances of non-repetition. [Para 43]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    JS2 … noted the low rate of women in high decision making positions and in the National Assembly. [Para 72]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Mexico

    Mexico
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To strengthen legislation regarding domestic violence and to take measures to ensure access of migrants to services including access to the justice system.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Mongolia

    Mongolia
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Ratify the OP-ICESCR.
    Explanation
    Noted. The Government is continuously reviewing the recommendations.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    United States

    United States
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OAS
    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Partially Accepted
    Contents:
    Pass anti-discrimination legislation protecting members of marginalized communities, including LGBTQI+ persons, and provide legal recognition of same-sex marriage.
    Explanation
    Former part: The Government face difficulties in taking immediate actions in a short period of time. … Latter part: The Government does not plan to take immediate action since changes in the family institution, such as allowing same-sex marriage or adoption by same-sex couples, hold legal and social significance.

  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Peru

    Peru
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Consider adopting a general law to combat human trafficking with a focus on the protection of victims in order to more effectively address complaints of sexual exploitation of women, including sex workers and migrants in an irregular situation.
    Explanation
    See paragraph 11 of the Working Group Report. The Government strives to protect the human rights of victims of human trafficking. Regarding the former part of 139.91, if a foreigner is in the process of a court trial, an investigation by an investigative agency, or a remedy process in relation to domestic violence, sexual violence, child abuse, human trafficking, or exploitation, the person’s period of stay may be extended until the completion of such proceedings. Even after the extended period expires, a further extension is possible if deemed necessary to recover damage, etc.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Peru

    Peru
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Trafficking in women and / or girls
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To ratify the Palermo Protocol.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 76) ... It is currently seeking to amend the relevant legislations on the premise that it will ratify the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking annexed to the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime ...
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Syria

    Syria
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take effective measures to combat sexual violence and harassment targeting women and girls.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Bulgaria

    Bulgaria
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Empowerment of women
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Ensure equal opportunities for women’s empowerment in increasing access to leadership positions in the public sphere and in private businesses, including in the areas of science and technology, research and innovation.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CESCR recommended addressing the root causes of women’s career interruptions and their overrepresentation in part-time employment, due to care responsibilities. CRC recommended facilitating access to and use of paternal leave. [Para 39]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    JS6, JS8, AI and HRW recommended repealing Article 92(6) of the Act, which prohibited and punished consensual same-sex sexual conduct in the military. HRW recommended dropping all cases against soldiers charged for consensual same-sex activity. [Para 86]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    JS2 recommended reducing gender inequality, including by increasing women’s participation in the judiciary and law enforcement, political and public life, and in the private sector, ending the gender pay gap and increasing equity in caregiving. [Para 65]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    The Government takes or pursues various initiatives to guarantee equal opportunities for women, the disabled and capable people from various regions in assuming public positions. The Five Year Plan for the Expansion of Women Managers in Public Positions above director or deputy director level (Rank 4) aims to increase the proportion of women managing officers above Rank 4 and the Equal Employment Initiative for Gender sets a minimum target employment rate of one sex to at least 30 per cent. Further, a mandatory employment rate of 2 per cent is being pursued to provide balanced opportunities for the disabled serving in public posts, and the groundwork has been laid for the introduction of a "Special Employment Policy for the Seriously Handicapped" with the revision of the Decree of Public Officials Appointment Examination in December 2007. The "Regional Talent Target Employment Policy" (Target employment rate of 20 per cent) was adopted in 2007 to ensure balanced opportunities for qualified candidates from all regions to assume public positions. [Para 32]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    ... Recommend[ed] that relevant laws to protect women's labour rights and prohibit discrimination should be enacted or revised. [Para 29]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovakia

    Slovakia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Consider an early ratification of the OP-CRC-IC.
    Explanation
    The Government is currently reviewing the need for ratification and the following effects at the national level.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Germany

    Germany
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Establish a governmental authority to support and advise single mothers and their children.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 43) To tackle prejudice and discrimination against single-parent families, schools at all levels provide education on single-parent families and educate relevant officials on building up expertise on the matter. Furthermore, the Single-Parent Family Support Act was amended in 2016, which sets forth the principle of non-discrimination against children from single-parent families, when caring and educating children. The Government organizes the awareness campaign on single-parent families, while supporting teen fathers and teen mothers by means of additional child support subsidies, education subsidies to prevent academic suspension, and subsidies to support their financial independence. The Government also legislated the Act on Enforcing and Supporting Child Support Payment in 2014 to enable single parents with minor children to receive child support from noncustodial parents. The Child Support Agency was established in 2015 to offer a one-stop service covering consultations, negotiations, litigation and collection, and follow-up management.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Hungary

    Hungary
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Enhance protection against domestic violence, hiring more female police inspectors, improving shelter and rehabilitation services for victims and strengthening data protection in this regard.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 26) The Government introduced the Comprehensive Plan to Prevent Domestic Violence in 2011, expanded the scope of institutions obliged to receive mandatory education on the prevention of domestic violence, and exerted its effort to raise awareness of domestic violence and its elimination. Police stations at all levels have been deployed with police officers exclusively in charge of domestic violence. The Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment, etc. of Crimes of Domestic Violence was amended to strengthen the early response to domestic violence, granting the police with authority to enter the site of violence to investigate; allowing the victims or their legal representatives to request a protective order by the court; and imposing punishment on anyone who fails to comply with an urgent interim measures. The change of resident registration number has been allowed since May 2017, for the victims of sexual violence, domestic violence, or sex trade who either have been damaged or are at risk of damage from the leakage of resident registration number and this policy will further be complemented taking into account the needs of the victims of violence. Moreover, the Government will enact a comprehensive and general legislation for the prevention of gender-based violence.
    Para 46) The Government is making efforts to prevent sexual violence and domestic violence by drawing up comprehensive measures through inter-ministerial cooperation to intensify punishment for perpetrators and to strengthen support for victims. In December 2012, the provision that stipulated sex offence as an offence that is punishable only by complaint was abolished. The sex offenders registration and notification system, which was set up to prevent recidivism, has been reformed to allow identification of sex offenders via mail notifications and smartphone applications. Consulting centres and shelters for victims of sexual violence are also being expanded, along with the expansion of free legal aid programs. Public Defender for Victims was adopted in 2012 and has been in operation since 2013 for all victims of sexual violence, providing legal support from the early stages of sexual assault response to investigations and trials.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 55) The Committee against Torture was concerned at the wide prevalence of violence against women, at the low number of complaints and prosecutions and at the conditional suspension of charges against perpetrators of domestic violence in exchange for education and counselling, which might amount to acquittal and failed to adequately protect the victims. It was concerned that marital rape was not included as a separate offence in the Criminal Act.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 38) JS1 stated that the 2013 plan against domestic violence considered domestic violence as a private issue of persons involved, which does not require social intervention. The focus of the plan was to maintain a normal family life. The prosecution rate of domestic violence cases remained low. It stated that domestic violence was not properly punished and victims were exposed to continued threats.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Slovenia

    Slovenia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take effective measures against disadvantages faced by women in the labour market, including to overcome the persisting wage gap between men and women.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 44) In order to address the inequality of women in employment and labour market, the Equal Employment Opportunity and Work-Family Balance Assistance Act stipulates the principle of equal pay for equal work, the violation of which is subject to criminal punishment. Various policies have been put in place to enable work-family balance and prevent women’s career break, such as childcare leave, part-time job, flexible work arrangements, and the establishment of infrastructure for telecommuting and ubiquitous orking. Childcare leave was expanded in 2014 to allow the parents with children under the age 8 or grade 2 to take the leave up to one year. In order to promote paternity leave, the Government introduced a Father’s Month program since 2014. If both parents take the childcare leave successively for the same child, the childcare benefit for the second parent is raised to 100% of their ordinary monthly wage up to KRW 1.5 million for the first month of childcare leave.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 53) The HR Committee was concerned about ... the high rate of women in irregular employment and the high wage gap between men and women.
    Para 54) The Working Group on business and human rights noted that women reportedly left the labour force at a high rate when they married or had children and found it difficult to reenter the workforce after a career break. ILO Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations welcomed the measures taken by the Government to reconcile work and family responsibilities as a means of improving women’s participation in employment and requested the Government to continue its efforts.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 9) NHRCK reported on the under-representation of women in the labour market. Women often had to take up low paid non regular jobs. Balancing work and family life remained difficult largely due to the lack of decent public day care facilities and the low use of paternity leaves. The Government has made some efforts to increase employment rates of women and younger people, but those efforts had limited effect in the last three years.
    Para 72) JS2 reported on discrimination against women and on the gender wage gap. Additionally, about 53 percent of women employees were in non-regular jobs. It noted the low rate of women in high decision making positions and in the National Assembly.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended the incorporation of a rule of equal distribution of marital property upon divorce in the legislation of the Republic of Korea; that legislative measures be taken to eliminate consideration of "fault" in divorce cases; and that, as a matter of priority, a comprehensive review be undertaken of legislation with a view to ensuring de jure and de facto equality between men and women in all fields of life. [Para 11]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Marginalized groups of women
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    The Government should reinforce the initial immigration procedure and provide more inspections of workplaces where migrant women are in danger of sexual exploitation. [Para 11]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Marital rape
    • Domestic violence
    • Sexual violence
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    The Government should amend the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment, etc. of Crimes of Domestic Violence in order to better protect marital rape victims and punish the offenders.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Algeria

    Algeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    To take measures to protect and fulfill the rights of all women migrant workers and to ensure that they are not subjected to discriminatory practices.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 68) The measures described in Paragraphs 66 and 67 are applied in the same manner to women migrant workers. They are also entitled to the same maternity protection as Korean workers, including prohibition of termination for pregnancy and delivery, and guarantee of maternity leave and childcare leave pay. When the circumstance is deemed necessary, they are allowed to stay for a period required to protect their motherhood after the expiration of their visas. When women migrant workers are investigated by authorities or detained in immigration facilities for the violation of immigration status, a female enforcement officer should be assigned to their cases to prevent any potential sexual harassment. When illegal migrant women are in the process of filing legal claims for remedy for human rights violation, including sex trade or sexual abuse, the deportation order is deferred and they are entitled to temporary residency.

    Please note: Para 66) Migrant workers who entered the Republic of Korea under the Employment Permit System are entitled to the same protection as Korean workers pursuant to the relevant labor- related legislations such as the Labor Standards Act, the Minimum Wage Act, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. The Act on the Employment and Others of Foreign Workers, among others, lays out the principle of prohibition of discrimination against foreign workers and their protection. The issue of transferring to a different workplace has been an ongoing concern under the Employment Permit System. With the amendment of relevant legislation passed in October 2009, transfer applications based on unfair treatment, withholding wages, and other reasons beyond the responsibility of migrant workers are accepted without restriction.

    Please note: Para 67) In 2011, with a view to addressing work-related grievances of migrant workers, the Government opened a counseling center for migrant workers, which offers counseling services in ten different languages. In addition, more support centers for migrant workers were established to provide counseling services near their workplaces. As a way to ensure implementation of regulations on the rights of migrant workers, the Government carries out inspections at workplaces that hire a large number of migrant workers for their employment practices, conduct surveys on migrant workers, and monitors workplaces.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Ireland

    Ireland
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Establish a timeline to present anti-discrimination legislation to the National Assembly, and repeal Article 92 (6) of the Military Criminal Act to end restrictions on consensual same sex relations.
    Explanation
    Noted. Cases regarding whether or not the consensual same-sex activities is punishable under Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act and its constitutionality are pending with the ordinary court and the Constitutional Court, and the Government will conform to the final rulings of the judicial branch.

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