UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 401 - 425 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Czechia

    Czechia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Training for state personnel on sexual rights issues
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    6th session, December 2009
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Provide human rights education and training to police officers corrections officers and judicial staff aimed at the protection of women, persons of minority sexual orientation and gender identity and national minorities.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 119) During 2010, the educational syllabus and its respective training curricula "On recognition and respect of the rights of persons deprived of their liberty at State Police premises" was elaborated followed with trainings in local police structures. In the context of institutional strengthening, Regional Police Directorates have conducted trainings on issues of gender equality and domestic violence concerning protection, treatment and management of cases of domestic violence at the local level.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Jordan

    Jordan
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    6th session, December 2009
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Consider accession to CRPD.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 43) The CRPD was ratified by the Albanian Assembly in November 2012. Concerning the OP of the Convention, the Albanian authorities are evaluating this recommendation and shall soon consider its signing and ratification.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Czechia

    Czechia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take steps to finally halt blood feud killings and provide women and children affected by this practice with adequate economic aid and social services.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Uruguay

    Uruguay
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Implement measures that effectively protect LGBTI persons against discrimination in access to medical care.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    France

    France
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Fight against domestic violence through preventive and punitive measures, identification and fighting against the obstacles in filing complaints by victims of violence and raising awareness of the population.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Spain

    Spain
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Forced marriage
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Implement preventive measures against the phenomenon of forced marriages, as well as effectively apply the sanctions established by law for cases of gender-based violence.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Voluntary Commitment
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    The priorities in the field of promotion and protection of human rights are: ... • Improvement of legal framework in the field of human rights particularly in the areas of children, women, persons with disabilities and minorities rights;… [Para 134]
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    The United Nations country team … noted that during the pre-screening of irregular arrivals at the border, the availability of interpreters in some languages and the limited number of female officers remained a challenge. [Para 46]
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Outcome Report

    Issue:
    • Forced marriage
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Comment
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Associazione Comunità Papa Giovanni XXIII ... urged the Government to take further measures to prevent and tackle domestic violence, forced marriage of children ... [Para 430]
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Spain

    Spain
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Sign and ratify the OP-CRPD.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Denmark

    Denmark
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Provide the necessary support, including adequate shelter, to all victims of domestic violence.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 41) Law "On legal aid", which entered into force on 1 June 2018, provide access to justice for individuals with economic difficulties including disadvantaged groups. The law defines conditions, procedures and rules on administration of legal aid guaranteed by the state, equal access to the justice system, professional legal aid, and state institutions responsible for administering legal aid. This law provides as beneficiaries of stateguaranteed legal aid regardless of their income and property, expressly victims of domestic violence, sexually abused victims and victims of trafficking in human beings, to other categories such as child victims and juveniles in conflict with the law, persons in social care, persons without legal capacity to act and victims of discriminatory behavior.
    Para 42) Law No.22 / 2018 "On Social Housing", with regard of social housing programs provides for priority in terms of securing social housing victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking and potential victims of trafficking.
    Para 44) National Referral Mechanism (NRM) for cases of violence in family relations was established at the local level in 60 municipalities (out of the then total of 61 municipalities), as well employees for gender equality, with the role of local coordinators against domestic violence. Since 2016 are adopted standards of services for victims of domestic violence. There is need for a multidisciplinary, rapid and effective approach, for national and local government units' awareness on budgeting of gender priorities, applying for funding to provide social services for victims of domestic violence.
    Para 45) The State Police has established a telephone service number 129 or 11 for all emergencies which operates 24 hours in 7 days. Since 2017, the Free Counselling Line 116- 117, is offering free of charge primary service of psycho-emotional support, counselling and assistance for the referral of violence, in a secure and confidential environment. National service counselling standards for victims of domestic violence were adopted.
    Para 49) There are 6 non-public centers providing residential services (2 in Tirana, 1 in Berat, 1 in Korca, 1 in Elbasan, 1 in Vlora). In December 2018, was opened a Crisis Management Center for Victims of Sexual Violence “Lilium Center”, at the premises of the Tirana University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa". This Center provides 24/7 integrated services to victims of sexual violence by a multidisciplinary team. Standards of this Center were approved by Instruction of the Minister of Health and Social Protection in November 2018.
    Para 78) The provision of services to victims of domestic violence has been strengthened. The number of children accommodated annually is relatively consistent, from 38–59 cases per year. A tailored integration service plan is developed for each child that includes their enrolment and monitoring of school attendance. Various awareness-raising and entertainment activities are carried out aiming to develop their social and cognitive skills. Specialist social workers and psychologists at the centre support the mothers to become part of the employment and housing schemes offered by the local government or non-profit organisations, in order to improve their financial situation. Other services available to victims, provided by public and private centres include, housing and psycho-social support, referral for medical care, legal aid, professional training courses, and employment mediation.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 30) … CEDAW was concerned about the prevalence of gender-based violence, the low rate of reporting of cases of gender-based violence against women, the insufficient implementation of the national referral mechanism, the insufficient number of shelters for victims of gender-based violence and the restrictive criteria for admission to those shelters, and the frequent failure to enforce protection orders and emergency protection orders. The country team made similar observations and highlighted that women from disadvantaged groups faced additional barriers to accessing services.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 27) … Both, JS5 and JS2 reported that the Law “On Free Legal Aid provided by the State” 111/2017, which provided the right for victims of domestic violence to obtain legal assistance, had not been fully implemented.
    Para 29) According to JS5, victims of sexual violence received little protection and few services as the country did not have rape crisis centers or sexual violence referral centers. Victims also faced problems accessing short-term housing with the number of shelters in the country and their capacity being insufficient.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Uruguay

    Uruguay
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue taking the necessary measures of accountability to ensure full compliance in all sectors with the national legislation in the field of gender rights and equality.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Spain

    Spain
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue strengthening measures which favour full gender equality, paying special attention to the integration of women into the labour market without discrimination, in line with the measures established in the 2013 European Union Progress Report.
    Explanation
    Strengthening of the measures on gender equality are focused on the integration of women into the labour market, in particular for women from vulnerable groups, through the implementation of the National Strategy on Gender Equality, Reduction of Gender-Based Violence and Domestic Violence 2011-2015 and the National Strategy for Employment 2014-2020, namely:
    - Promoting equal work opportunities through effective policies in the labour market;
    - Increasing the number of males and females by providing quality education and vocational training programs;
    - Increasing their participation in vocational training, especially for women and their employment.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 33) Amendments to the Electoral Code in 2013 on the parliamentary elections, which requiring at least 30% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. Amendments of Electoral Code for the 2015 local elections upon a proposal of the Alliance of Women Members of Parliament provide that: 50% of the candidates on the multi-name lists of candidates to belong to each gender. As a result, the current representation of women in the Assembly is 27.85% (39 women out of 140). Women’s representation in the Government is respectively: 8 ministers or 42%; Women’s representation in the city councils is 34.6% (from 12% after the 2011 elections) and 9 mayors (14.7%) out of a total of 61 mayors. Progress has been made in relation with the representation in the public administration. Para 34) Amendments of the Labor Code in December 2015 introduced new provisions, with direct impact in women, including: an improved definition of sexual harassment in the work place; the reverse of the burden of proof for sexual harassment; additional guarantees for women’s return to work after their maternity leave; non-discriminatory remuneration for all, and not only for men and women, etc.
    Para 35) A new Code of Administrative Procedures (Law 44/2015) was approved by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania on 30.04.2015 and entered into force on 28.05.2016. An important step is the provision related the reverse of the burden of proof in matters of discrimination. The public body should be guided by the principle of equality and antidiscrimination for grounds provided by law, including gender and gender identity.
    Para 36) Several bylaws in relation to economic position of women were adopted , such as: On the right to withdraw economic aid, exclusively by women, that will increase the access to financial resources; Specific measures are adopted to support women entrepreneurs and women's development initiatives in rural areas.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 29) The United Nations country team noted that legislation on gender equality, nondiscrimination and domestic violence had improved, and that Albania was implementing the third National Strategy on Gender Equality for 2016–2020. CEDAW welcomed the amendment to the Labour Code that defined and reversed the burden of proof in cases of sexual harassment, …
    Para 33) [CEDAW] welcomed the amendments made in 2015 to the Electoral Code, which established a 50 per cent quota for candidates from both sexes for local elections, and noted an increase in the number of women participating in political and public life.
    Para 34) [CEDAW] was also concerned about the concentration of women in the informal labour market without adequate labour and social protection, the significant gender wage gap, particularly in the private sector, and the extremely low minimum wage that disproportionately affected women.83 The United Nations country team raised similar concerns.
    Para 35) [CEDAW] welcomed the adoption of the action plan for supporting women entrepreneurs for 2014–202085 and the amendment made in 2014 to the Law on Social Assistance and Social Services, which provided for social assistance to be paid directly to women. Nevertheless, the Committee noted with concern the limited implementation of those measures, in particular at the local level and with regard to women and girls belonging to disadvantaged or marginalized groups.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 23) … JS1 also stated that girls often had fewer opportunities to attend secondary and tertiary education compared to boys.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    AI recommended that Albania identify and overcome the factors which result in the majority of petitions for protection orders being withdrawn, ensure that, when granted, protection orders effectively secure the safety of victims, and that perpetrators who break such orders are sanctioned in accordance with the law. AI recommended that Albania ensure that all reports of domestic violence are thoroughly investigated and perpetrators are brought to justice. [Para 16]
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Belgium

    Belgium
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    Type:
    Question
    Session:
    19th session, May 2014
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    Which concrete measures have been taken by the Government of Albania to fight against harmful traditions, including blood feud-related crimes, child marriages, the practice of family choosing the husband and the payment of a bride price or dowry?
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    6th session, December 2009
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Law "On the measures against domestic violence" (2006) aims at the prevention and reduction of domestic violence in all its forms by means of the appropriate legal measures, as well as the guarantee of legal measure protection of the family members who are victims of domestic violence, paying special attention to children, the elderly and the disabled. This law aims at the establishment of a coordinated network of institutions to react in due time to domestic violence cases, as well as the issuance of immediate protection orders by the court. This law was the outcome of the civil society initiative which was proposed to the Parliament of Albania by 20.000 electors. Special contribution to this law was given also by the governmental institutions involved in the prevention and fight against domestic violence. The law sanctions the state bodies that have obligations, competences related to the domestic violence, and it invests the courts with the power to issue protection orders against the violator, a mechanism in protection of domestic violence victims. The governmental mechanisms that address the domestic violence issues are: the Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Justice. The Cooperation Agreement between the responsible ministries for the implementation and enforcement of this law aims at the establishment of the coordination mechanism of the responsibilities of all the institutions. A series of by-laws has been adopted as regards the establishment of responsible structures for the domestic violence issues and measures to be taken on the prevention, identification and reduction of domestic violence. [Para 98]
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    6th session, December 2009
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    Introduce to Parliament a comprehensive, all-inclusive anti-discrimination law, including protection against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity. [Para 9]
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Netherlands

    Netherlands
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    6th session, December 2009
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Introduce for adoption a comprehensive, all-inclusive anti-discrimination law that includes protection against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 5) Law "On Protection from Discrimination" (approved in February 2010) regulate implementation and respect for the principle of equality related to gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, pregnancy, family or marital status, ... or any other reason by sanctioning the prohibition of discrimination on the above grounds.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Sweden

    Sweden
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    6th session, December 2009
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Strengthen efforts against all forms of violence against women, including domestic violence.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Iceland

    Iceland
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    • Transgender persons' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Promote and protect the human rights of LGBTI persons and take measures to combat structural discrimination.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    India

    India
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take measures to combat exploitation of women in the informal labour market and ensure adequate labour and social protection in the private sector.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Indonesia

    Indonesia
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    ASEAN
    OIC
    Issue:
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Strengthen measures to address the issue of domestic violence and ensure the full enforcement of the Law on Measures Against Violence in Family Relations.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Germany

    Germany
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Better protect victims of domestic violence, in particular women and children.
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Belgium

    Belgium
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • "Honour crimes"
    Type:
    Question
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    Which concrete measures have been taken by the government of Albania to fight against harmful traditions, including child marriage, the practice of families choosing husbands as well as killings or other crimes committed in the name of so-called “honour”?
  • State Under Review:

    Albania

    Albania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    OIC
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Marginalized groups of women
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    33rd Session, May 2019
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CEDAW was concerned that the school enrolment rate of girls remained lower than that of boys and that the dropout rate among girls, especially girls from minority groups, at the secondary level of education remained disproportionately high. It recommended facilitating access to compulsory and mainstream education for all girls and boys, including those belonging to minority groups, those with disabilities and those living in rural and remote areas, by, inter alia, enhancing school infrastructure, teacher training and other human, technical and financial resources. [Para 28]