UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 42026 - 42050 of 58126 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended the incorporation of a rule of equal distribution of marital property upon divorce in the legislation of the Republic of Korea; that legislative measures be taken to eliminate consideration of "fault" in divorce cases; and that, as a matter of priority, a comprehensive review be undertaken of legislation with a view to ensuring de jure and de facto equality between men and women in all fields of life. [Para 11]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Sexual exploitation / slavery
    • Marginalized groups of women
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    The Government should reinforce the initial immigration procedure and provide more inspections of workplaces where migrant women are in danger of sexual exploitation. [Para 11]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Marital rape
    • Domestic violence
    • Sexual violence
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    14th session, November 2012
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    The Government should amend the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Punishment, etc. of Crimes of Domestic Violence in order to better protect marital rape victims and punish the offenders.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Colombia

    Colombia
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Adopt general legislation to combat discrimination on any ground, particularly on the grounds of race, sexual orientation or gender identity, and strengthen the mechanisms to eliminate xenophobic speech against migrants and multi-cultural families.
    Explanation
    Noted. The Government has devoted considerable legislative efforts to prohibit discrimination through the Constitution and 90 other legislations. Meanwhile, considering the controversy over the prohibited grounds of discrimination, the enactment of the general anti-discrimination law, which provides general remedial procedure for the victims of discriminatory acts, requires considerable examination and opinion-gathering process to reach public consensus regarding the matter. Furthermore, imposing criminal punishment for discriminatory acts requires a careful review.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Costa Rica

    Costa Rica
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    • Rights of same-sex desiring persons
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Repeal article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Code which criminalizes consensual sexual relations between people of the same sex in the army.
    Explanation
    Noted. Cases regarding whether or not the consensual same-sex activities is punishable under Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act and its constitutionality are pending with the ordinary court and the Constitutional Court, and the Government will conform to the final rulings of the judicial branch.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Costa Rica

    Costa Rica
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Establish a gender quota system to increase women representation in the National Assembly.
    Explanation
    A scheme to expand the ratio of female legislators has already been put in place. The Political Reform Special Committee of the National Assembly agreed on revising the Public Official Election Act to strengthen the effectiveness of the scheme which requires that a certain number of female candidates be recommended in the election of proportional representatives for the National Assembly.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Sri Lanka

    Sri Lanka
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue implementation of its Comprehensive Plan to Prevent Domestic Violence, including through awareness raising.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Algeria

    Algeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Strengthen the institutional and legal framework to combat violence against children, in particular sexual violence.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Birth registration
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CGNK encouraged the Government to establish a comprehensive birth registration system. [Para 23]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Forced sterilization
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    28th Session November 2017
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    [CRPD] was concerned about cases of forced sterilization of women with disabilities, despite legal provisions prohibiting the practice. It urged the authorities to eradicate the practice. [Para 63]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    United Kingdom

    United Kingdom
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Enact a comprehensive anti-discrimination law, that prohibits all forms of discrimination, including protection for all those in the LGBT+ community.
    Explanation
    Noted. The Government face difficulties in taking immediate actions in a short period of time.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    United States

    United States
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    OAS
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Repeal the Military Criminal Act’s article criminalizing same-sex conduct in the military.
    Explanation
    Noted. Article 92-6 of the Military Criminal Act does not uniformly penalize same-sex sexual relations, and is applied only in cases of direct and specific violation of military discipline and healthy community life.

  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Norway

    Norway
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Implement measures to ensure women’s equal participation in work life and politics, by preventing discrimination and reducing the gender wage gap.
    Explanation
    Already implemented.



  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Maldives

    Maldives
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Reinforce the gender and women’s rights mandate of the National Human Rights Commission of the Republic of Korea.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Kuwait

    Kuwait
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Sexual violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue with procedures and legislation aimed at eliminating all forms of discrimination against women, gender equality, protecting women from gender-based violence, and supporting victims of sexual violence.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Iceland

    Iceland
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Abortion
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Guarantee universal access to safe and legal abortion by swiftly reforming the Criminal Act.
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Intersex persons' rights
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CEDAW recommended ensuring that transgender persons had the right to access to medical services, including national health insurance coverage, and that intersex persons were not subjected to involuntary medical interventions. [Para 86]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    NHRCK recommended enacting the proposed Equality Act, prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity and other grounds in all spheres of life. [Para 4]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    • Discrimination based on sexual orientation
    • Discrimination based on gender identity
    • HIV and AIDS
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    42nd Session, January 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    CRC urged the State to provide age-appropriate sexual education, paying special attention to preventing adolescent pregnancy and HIV/AIDS and adequately covering sexual orientation and gender identity. [Para 55]
  • State Under Review:

    Republic of Korea

    Republic of Korea
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Abortion
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    2nd session, May 2008
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    The rate of abortion among women between 20 and 24 is high [Para 30; CEDAW].
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexuality education
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The Working Group [on discrimination against women and girls] recommended guaranteeing comprehensive, scientific, human rights-based and age-appropriate sexuality education for all children. [Para 56]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    JS3 recommended adopting the National Strategy [for promoting Equality of Opportunity and Equal Treatment between Women and Men and for Preventing and Combating Domestic Violence] and allocating state funding in accordance with its objectives and targeted results. [Para 57]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    43rd Session, May 2023
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CoE-GREVIO invited the authorities to gradually reduce the dependency on external funding for activities to combat violence against women and ensure a wider share of funding from the state budget. CoE-GREVIO encouraged Romania to ensure appropriate resources for social services, including those delivered by local authorities in support of victims of all forms of violence against women. [Para 62]
  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Costa Rica

    Costa Rica
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    15th session, February 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Implement measures to eliminate discrimination against minority groups, in particular the Roma and children in vulnerable situations, including children with ... HIV/AIDS ... guarantee their access to education, housing, medical care and health services.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 69) In Romania, the persons having HIV or AIDS are legally perceived as persons with disabilities. Thus, they benefit from all protective measures specifically aimed at this mentioned group. HIV-positive pregnant women are monitored in nine Regional HIV Infection Surveillance Centers where, after HIV infection has been confirmed, any person, regardless of age, gender, nationality, sexual orientation, is recorded, clinically and biologically monitored and provided specific antiretroviral therapy immediately after diagnosis. The management of HIV-positive child and adolescent patients complies with the 2013-2014 Guidelines for ARV Therapy, containing a separate chapter for this age group. Between May 2014 and August 2016, ‘Prof. Dr. Matei Balș’ National Institute of Infectious Diseases from Bucharest, as Project Promoter, under the coordination of the Ministry of Health as Program Operator, implemented the project ‘Improving HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B and C Prevention and Control in Romania”, as part of the 2009-2014 Norwegian Financial Mechanism.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 31) JS3 stated that health care units refused to treat women living with HIV for obstetrics and gynaecological needs, leading to cases when patients did not receive adequate medical treatment, resorted to self-medication or unsafe abortion, were subject to discrimination and did not declare their HIV status when accessing healthcare services. Cases of discrimination against persons living with HIV in healthcare services remained unpunished and undocumented.

  • State Under Review:

    Romania

    Romania
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    OIF
    Source Of Reference:

    Uruguay

    Uruguay
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    15th session, February 2013
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    ... Also strengthen prenatal and postnatal services, implementing additional programs on maternal breastfeeding and hygiene for the development and survival in early childhood.
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 13) Law 207/2016 on marketing of breast-milk substitutes, translating fully into the Romanian legislation the International Code and creating hopefully a good example for other countries in the European Union (EU) to protect health of mothers, infants and young children.
    Para 108) First specific objective of the National Health Strategy refers to "Improving the health and nutrition of mother and child and reducing the risk of maternal and infant death". For the medical assistance of the premature children, the Ministry of Health introduced a regionalized system of care in order to guarantee each neonate is born in a medical unit that can provide appropriate services, in order to reduce this significant part of the infant mortality. Training programs for professionals involved in mother and child care, including the establishment in 2016 of a center of excellence for prenatal pathology within the National Institute for Mother and Child Health from Bucharest, are targeting the same objective. Genetic malformations are the third cause of death in children. To increase the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling capacity, the Ministry of Health has organized at national level 6 regional centers of medical genetics, financed by the government funds, through the national health programs.

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