UPR Sexual Rights Database

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UN Member State that is reviewed on its human rights record as part of the UPR process.

Categories of the types of information used during reviews

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Source of Reference

Recommending State

UN Member State or Permanent Observer making sexual rights related recommendations, comments or asking questions to the State under Review.

Review Documentation

Sources of information used as the basis for a State’s review.  Includes the State’s National Report, UN Compilation Report and a Stakeholder Summary.

UN Regional Group to which State under Review belongs.

UN Regional Group to which Recommending State belongs.

This will only match recommendations where the Source of Review is a State.

Implementation notes

State responses to recommendations and issues raised in the UN Compilation and Stakeholder summary.

Displaying 57826 - 57850 of 58160 recommendations found
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Sexual harassment
    • Sexual abuse
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The CRC also remained concerned about the high number of girls suffering sexual abuse and harassment on the way to or from school, as well as in school, by both teachers and classmates. [Para 81]
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Sweden

    Sweden
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Question
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    What steps will be taken to prevent and combat gender-based violence, which has increased since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic?
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Right to marry
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CEDAW noted that most marriages were conducted under customary law and were not registered, and, inter alia, recommended that Zimbabwe adopt legislation providing for mandatory registration of all marriages. [Para 46]
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Not Followed up with a Recommendation
    Contents:
    CEDAW … urged Zimbabwe to recognize women as the driving force of sustainable development and to adopt relevant policies and strategies to that effect. [Para 66]
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    "The country has a National HIV and AIDS Strategic Framework which includes Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission, National Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout Plan and Male Circumcision. [Para 63]"
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    "ZCRO urged Zimbabwe to meet its periodic reporting requirements to the CRC. [Para 15]"
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    South Africa

    South Africa
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Elaborate and implement where gaps exist, legislative and administrative measures to outlaw discrimination against women and eliminate gender based violence.
    Implementation
    "National Report:
    Para 5) As reported in the Mid-Term Report, Zimbabwe held a referendum in 2013 which resulted in the adoption of a new Constitution with an expansive Declaration of Rights. The Constitution strengthened the institutional framework for the promotion and protection of human rights by either establishing new institutions, such as … the Zimbabwe Gender Commission
    Para 11) The National Gender Policy has been reviewed and aligned to the Constitution and international and regional human rights instruments, which include the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the SADC Protocol on Gender and Development. It also takes cognisance of the UPR recommendations. The policy promotes equal representation in all institutions, agencies of government, commissions and elective bodies at all levels. The GoZ is aligning all pieces of legislation and in the process incorporating the principle of equal gender representation.

    Para 12) Government has called for gender based budgeting at all levels to ensure mainstreaming of gender issues.

    Para 16) As indicated in Mid-Term Report, the Constitution provides for Independent Commissions which support the promotion and protection of human rights and democracy. The Zimbabwe Gender Commission Act was enacted in February 2016, paving the way for the operationalisation of the Commission, while a bill to operationalise the NPRC is under consideration. The ZHRC, ZEC and the ZMC are fully operational

    Para 27) Public awareness campaigns have been carried out at annual commemorations such as: the International Day of the Child; the Day of the African Child; the International Day of Disabled Persons; International Women’s Day …

    Para 35) As reported above, the Constitution has established new independent institutions such as the Zimbabwe Gender Commission and the NPRC. The Gender Commission is now operational.

    Para 41) As previously reported in the Mid-Term Report, magistrates in post have undergone training on the Protocol on the Multi-Sectoral Management of Sexual Abuse and Violence.

    Para 53) In relation to issues of gender equality, section 27(2) of the Constitution states that the State must take measures to ensure that girls are afforded the same opportunities as boys to obtain education at all levels. While the 2014 Education Management Information System shows that gender parity has been achieved at primary and lower secondary levels, the participation rate for girls at upper secondary level is still at 44%. More girls are being encouraged to proceed to upper secondary level and beyond through interventions that address the problems that cause girls to drop out of school

    Para 86) The Broad Based Women Economic Empowerment Framework is being implemented and has resulted in an increase in women’s participation in economic sectors such as agriculture and mining. The Women’s Development Fund is in place and Government is working towards establishing a Women’s Bank to improve access to affordable finances by women and facilitate financial inclusion by decentralising the banking system.

    Midterm Report:
    A gender-based violence information system was set up.

    The capacity development programmes for law enforcement agents to enforce the Domestic Violence Act are ongoing. For instance, Victim Friendly Unit officers have been receiving training on gender based violence. Out of the 950 officers, 617 officers have so far received training and the remaining 333 officers are also targeted for training.

    A Secretariat for the Anti-Domestic Violence Council has been set up. Furthermore, Cabinet has recently directed that an Inter-Ministerial Committee on Gender-based Violence be established to carry out thorough investigations into the causes of rape of minors and elderly women.

    Laws are being reviewed in order to harmonise them with the new Constitution.

    A review of the Public Order and Security Act with the view of aligning it with the Constitution and the Human rights standards is underway.

    Zimbabwe adopted a new Constitution which is progressive in terms of advancing women’s rights. Unlike the previous Constitution, the new Constitution specifically provides for the rights of women and gender equality. The Constitution now absolutely prohibits discrimination against women, unlike the previous Constitution which allowed exceptions especially with regard to the application of customary law. Furthermore, the Constitution provides for the establishment of a Gender Commission whose functions will include monitoring issues concerning gender equality with a view to ensuring gender equality as provided in the Constitution and investigating possible violations of rights relating to gender.

    The new Constitution provides for a reserved quota for women in the National Assembly and proportional representation in the Senate. As a result, Zimbabwe has witnessed an increase in representation of women in Parliament as they make up 32% in the National Assembly and 48% of Senate, which constitutes a total 34% of the current Parliament. The Constitution further calls upon government to ensure full gender balance and to take measures to promote the full participation of women in all spheres on the basis of equality with men. This includes equal representation in all institutions, agencies of government, commissions and other elective bodies at all levels.

    The National Gender Policy has been reviewed and aligned to international and regional human rights instruments, which include CEDAW, SADC Protocol on Gender and Development and UPR recommendations. The Broad Based Women Economic Empowerment Framework is being implemented and has resulted in a marginal increase in women’s participation in economic sectors such as agriculture and mining. The Women’s Development Fund is still in place

    Research on family laws has been carried out and a position paper has been developed.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 23) The Committee commended efforts to apply temporary special measures allowing women to access loans under the small and medium-sized enterprises policy in 2010 ….

    Para 33) The Committee welcomed the enactment of the Sexual Offences Act in 2003, which recognized marital rape as an offence, and was deeply concerned that its effectiveness had been hampered owing to a lack of financial and human resources.

    Para 83) A gender-based violence information system was set up to coordinate the collection of relevant data from various departments and institutions to ensure that gender-based violence issues are adequately captured and well documented.

    Para 84) Government has set up an Inter-Ministerial Committee on Rape and Sexual Violence to carry out thorough investigations into the causes of rape of minors and elderly women.
    Para 85) Zimbabwe also participates in the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence Campaign and has gone further to extend same beyond the commemoration period.

    Stakeholder Summary
    Para 24) JS7 stated that at the 2011 review, Zimbabwe agreed to implement measures to prohibit discrimination against women, address the marginalization and exclusion of women from the economic, social and political spheres. The 2013 Constitution protected women’s rights and prohibited discrimination on basis of gender. However, the envisaged equality had not translated into social and economic empowerment for women

    Para 37) JS7 stated that at the 2011 review, Zimbabwe undertook to collect and analyse disaggregated data on domestic violence to better understand prevailing trends and to assess the effectiveness of measures that were in place. In this context, information was collated on those victims who had sought assistance from the police. JS7 stated that there were inadequate protection mechanisms for the victims, with only nine shelters operated by a non-governmental organization."
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Mexico

    Mexico
    Regional group
    GRULAC
    Political group
    OAS
    OEI
    ACS
    Issue:
    • Forced marriage
    • Gender equality
    • Sexual violence
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Set up a strategy to promote the rights of women to combat discrimination against women and girls, focusing in particular on matters such as early or forced marriage, sexual violence, equal access to education and equal access to land ownership, inter alia
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 111) The Marriages Bill which harmonises all marriage laws, bans child marriages, sets the minimum age of all marriages at 18 and protects children from sexual exploitation is before Parliament.
    Para 112) Despite the best efforts of Government to end child marriages, there are a number of factors that tend to militate against progress. These include lack of cooperation by family members of the victim, especially where the perpetrator has promised to pay compensation or bride price, ignorance of the law due to the fact that community awareness campaigns have not yet reached all parts of the country, and belief systems including religion.
    Para 113) Government is making efforts to address these challenges by ensuring that all children remain in school by providing compulsory and State funded basic education, broadening awareness raising campaigns, and expediting the processing of court cases, among other measures.

    National Report Annex:
    A national plan of action to combat the practice of child marriage is being developed.

    Despite Government’s efforts to end child marriages, it faces a number of challenges which are slowing down progress. They include lack of cooperation by family members of the victim, especially where the perpetrator has promised to pay compensation or brideprice, ignorance of the law due to the fact that community awareness campaigns have not yet reached all parts of the country, and belief systems including religion. Government is trying to address these challenges by ensuring that all children remain in schooI by providing compulsory and State funded basic education, broadening awareness raising campaigns, and expediting the processing of court cases.

    The Marriage Bill, which is currently going through Parliament, will set the minimum age for marriage at 18 years. The Children’s Amendment Bill will safeguard against child marriages and also set 18 years as the minimum marriageable age. Government will enforce these laws once they are enacted.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 7) … CEDAW expressed concern at the long delays in amending legislation subsidiary to the Constitution and by the remaining discriminatory provisions in the legislative framework, including provisions on marriage and property rights and on the minimum age for marriage.
    Para 26) CEDAW expressed concern about the persistence of discriminatory gender stereotypes and harmful practices, including child marriage, polygamy and virginity testing. It was particularly concerned about the widespread impunity for such harmful practices and the absence of convictions in cases of child marriage.
    Para 47) CEDAW expressed concern that discriminatory customary laws and practices continued to regulate marriage and family relations, allowing for harmful practices such as polygamy.
    Para 59) UNESCO stated that Zimbabwe could be commended for its enactment of the Education Amendment Act, of 2020, which extended the prohibited grounds of discrimination in education to include marital status, age, pregnancy, disability, economic or social status, and whether persons were born in or out of wedlock, which would be added to nationality, race, colour, tribe, place of birth, ethnic or social origin, language, class, religious belief, political affiliation, opinion, custom, culture, sex and gender.
    Para 60) … The United Nations country team stated that the Education Amendment Act, inter alia, promoted menstrual health and the retention of pregnant girls in schools.
    Para 64) The United Nations country team stated that there was limited political will to implement policies that protected and empowered women. Women’s empowerment programmes were underresourced and women had limited access to finance, land and freehold property. Women had limited opportunities to influence policy and continued to face legal, cultural and patriarchal barriers.
    Para 65) While welcoming the efforts by Zimbabwe to facilitate women’s access to land, the CEDAW expressed relevant concerns, including the existence of harmful practices which impeded access to land for rural women.
    Para 69) CEDAW noted the prevalence of child marriage, with one third of girls being married before they reached the age of 18 years, …
    Para 70) The United Nations country team stated that the enactment of the Marriages Bill setting the minimum age of marriage at 18 years was facing inordinate delays. The Children’s Amendment Bill which, when enacted, would criminalize child marriage, was undergoing legislative processes. A national action plan to end child marriage was being implemented.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 3) Referring to relevant supported recommendations from the previous review, ZHRC noted that: … (f) there were high incidents of violence against women and girls, which was exacerbated by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.
    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 15) JS5 stated the Marriages Bill, which presented an opportunity to reconcile the ambiguities and gaps that persisted in the Marriage Act and the Customary Marriages Act, contained inconsistencies which may encumber the realization of women’s rights. It also noted the lack of exclusive gender equality legislation.
    Para 18) ADH stated that although laws on personal status matters, such as marriage and divorce, were generally equitable, customary practices placed women at a disadvantage. JS19 stated that achieving gender parity remained a challenge and that women continued to be marginalized in many contexts.
    Para 31) JS1 stated that the national gender based violence response hotline and the Victim Friendly Unit in police stations lacked capacity and personnel with sufficient knowledge to support victims. Cases of gender based violence have escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic. AI stated that sexual violence was systematically perpetrated by the security forces to clamp down on the right to protest.
    Para 83) JS20 stated that the COVID-19 pandemic and the general economic crisis severely impacted women and girls. Women were over represented in the informal economy and in agriculture, were among those living in poverty and those holding low paying jobs in the formal economy. ECLJ stated that in the rural regions, poor families, especially amidst the worsening poverty aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic, would often forcibly marry off their daughter to receive financial compensation in the form of a “bride price” that was paid to the family by the groom.
    Para 84) JS21 stated that the legislation and the policy and institutional framework that were adopted to combat gender based violence was commendable, and considered relevant supported recommendations from the previous review to have been partially implemented. JS14 stated that there was a notable lack of implementation and a general lack of awareness of the legislation on sexual and gender-based violence and domestic violence. JS19 stated that women continued to suffer all kinds of violence and that political violence against women has increased. JS21 noted that that gender based violence has worsened with the introduction of COVID-19 related lockdown measures.
    Para 88) JS19 stated that a sharp increase in teenage pregnancy and child marriage was reported during the COVID-19 related lockdown. JS14 stated that there was no government plan to address teenage pregnancy and early marriage.
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Tanzania

    Tanzania
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Commonwealth
    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts in combating HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 29) Zimbabwe has made positive efforts to create an enabling policy environment for the improvement of public health. This has been done through the National Health Strategy (NHS) for Zimbabwe 2016-2020 and a robust HIV response strategy. The NHS seeks to achieve equity and quality in health.
    Para 35) Government continues to strengthen its efforts to combat HIV/AIDS.

    National Report Annex:
    Government continues fighting HIV/AIDS through a robust HIV response strategy. The strategy includes domestic resource mobilisation (DRM) through an AIDS levy to ensure sustainability. The DRM is supplemented by donor support to the health sector through the Health Development Fund and the Global Fund, which secured over $400 million dollars for HIV related interventions.

    The 2019 MICS revealed that among men and women between the ages 15-49 years, 77% and 88% of men and women respectively, have ever been tested for HIV in their lives. The proportion of those who have ever been tested and also knew their status was 75% among males and 87% among females. The 2019 MICS also showed that around 48% of males had an HIV test within the 12 months preceding the survey, and amongst women, 61% reported to having been tested during the same period. Nearly all of the males and females who were tested within the 12 months that preceded the 2019 MICS knew the results of their tests. The results of the 2019 MICS when compared with those from previous surveys show significant improvements in HIV testing among both males and females.

    In the period between 2016 and 2018, an average of 92% of pregnant and lactating women were provided with HIV PMTCT services. In the same timeframe, the proportion of children born with HIV was 4%, 3% and 4% respectively. The total number of people who died from AIDS declined from 23 496, to 23 885 and 23 107 respectively.
    The GoZ continues in its efforts to combat diseases. Especially malaria and HIV/AIDS.

    Over the years, Zimbabwe has made significant gains in curbing the HIV/Aids pandemic, with the prevalence rate now around 11 percent from a high of around 25 percent. Zimbabwe also achieved the 2020 targets of ensuring that 90 percent of people living with HIV know their status, 90 percent of those who know their status are on ART and 90 percent of those on ART are virally suppressed. Development partners such as the Global Fund and other stakeholders have supported Government’s efforts. With continued support from development partners, considerable progress can be made towards ending HIV/Aids by 2030.

    Zimbabwe has completed its National Strategic Plan for 2021-2025 focusing on investment in health and social protection among others, whilst protecting the gains achieved so far.
    Local pharmaceutical firms currently produce only 12 percent of medicines consumed in the country. Measures by Government to help raise this low threshold include backing the pharmaceutical sector to increase local production through, for example, buying its products and importing less through the government-owned National Pharmaceutical Company of Zimbabwe.

    A pharmaceutical manufacturing strategy for Zimbabwe (2021-2025), running under the theme, “Enhancing productivity and competitiveness of the Zimbabwe pharmaceutical industry”, was launched in June 2021. The strategy seeks to boostA local production of pharmaceuticals. At the launch, Government assured the pharmaceutical companies that it would buy locally-produced consumables and not import what is produced locally.


  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Holy See

    Holy See
    Regional group
    Observer
    Issue:
    • Birth registration
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Reinforce policies to ensure that all children born in Zimbabwe, regardless of their parents’ origins, are issued with birth certificates
    Implementation
    National Report:
    Para 82) The GoZ has in the past reported on the different measures that it has put in place to facilitate the registration of all births, including legislative measures.
    Para 83) The report on the ZHRC National Inquiry on Access to Documentation, including findings and recommendations was launched in 2020 and some of the recommendations are being implemented.
    Para 84) The Civil Registry in collaboration with ZIMSTAT began producing Vital Statistical reports during the year 2021. These have statistics which are useful in determining the completeness of the birth registrations across the country as registered births will be expressed as a proportion of projected number of births which would have occurred during a reporting year.
    Para 85) The Registrar General and Matabeleland Collective Trust concluded a memorandum of understanding on cooperation with the intention of mobilising citizens in three provinces to take up their constitutional citizenship rights and to provide them with ease of access to national documentation for the full participation and enjoyment of their rights as Zimbabweans.

    National Report Annex:
    For general information on measures to improve on birth registration, refer to the 2nd Cycle report. Government is in the process of simplifying administrative procedures by aligning the Births and Deaths Registration Act to the Constitution and reviewing procedure manuals. As a measure to ensure that all births are registered, the Civil Registry collaborates with the Social Development department in registering abandoned and orphaned children. This arrangement has always benefited those children who do not meet basic requirements for birth registration.Government decentralised civil registration services through the establishment of 206 sub offices that are located at all major hospitals, some district hospitals and clinics; and other strategic places. Central, Provincial and District hospitals can now issue birth certificates immediately after children are born in the health facility and areas around the health facility.
    .
    The law of Zimbabwe requires every birth to be registered (s81(1) of the Constitution).However, citizenship is not conferred by such registration to persons who do not qualify for citizenship in terms of the Constitution. Note that in terms of the Constitution (s36(3)), a child found in Zimbabwe who is, or appears to be, less than fifteen years of age, and whose nationality and parents are not known, is presumed to be a Zimbabwean citizen by birth.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 93) Referring to relevant supported recommendations from the previous review, SOSCVZ stated that the situation on the ground remained unchanged, with access to birth registration and the acquisition of birth certificates remaining a challenge for children and parents.
    Para 94) ZiCLAN stated that mobile birth registration undertaken for children in residential care resulted in children being issued with abridged birth certificates which were not recognized by the Ministry of Home Affairs and Culture for applications for national identity cards and passports.
    Para 95) JS12 stated that birth registration was particularly difficult for people in remote areas because the registry offices were centralized.
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Tunisia

    Tunisia
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    OIF
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue efforts made to promote gender equality and combat all forms of discrimination against women, improve child protection and eliminate child labour.
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Latvia

    Latvia
    Regional group
    EEG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    • Harmful practices based on cultural / traditional values
    • Forced marriage
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    • Domestic violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Take all necessary measures, both in law and in practice, to combat violence against women and domestic violence, as well as child early and forced marriage, virginity testing and other harmful practices.
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Germany

    Germany
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Political group
    EU
    Issue:
    • Early marriage
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Accelerate the process of aligning national legislation with the legal standards and requirements of Zimbabwe’s Constitution, especially the Electoral Act, the Criminal Law Act and the Marriage Act.
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Cape Verde

    Cape Verde
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIF
    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Sexual violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Take appropriate measures to combat sexism and sexual violence by ratifying the OP-CEDAW.
    Explanation
    Noeted.
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Angola

    Angola
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Adopt a national strategy to eliminate gender discrimination and increase gender parity in political, economic and social segments.
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Stakeholder Summary

    Issue:
    • HIV and AIDS
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    ERI stated that there was discrimination and stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS, which needed to be addressed through education and awareness-raising. It recommended that Zimbabwe support public education campaigns to eliminate stigma and discrimination against those living with HIV/AIDS, especially children. [Para 26]
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The country team encouraged Zimbabwe to accelerate efforts to ensure the full operationalization of the Zimbabwe Gender Commission. [Para 10]
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Maternal health / morbidity / mortality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    The CEDAW expressed concern at the high maternal mortality rate. It urged Zimbabwe to strengthen efforts and to raise awareness of, and increase, women’s access to health-care facilities and medical assistance by trained personnel, especially in rural and remote areas. [Para 70]
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Reference Addressed
    Contents:
    In 2020, the CEDAW encouraged Zimbabwe to ratify the OP-CEDAW. [Para 2]
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    National Report

    Issue:
    • International human rights instruments
    • Gender equality
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    N/A
    Contents:
    "Zimbabwe submitted most of its initial reports to the relevant treaty bodies. The periodic reports under the CEDAW are up to date while the reports under the CRC, IESCR and the ICCPR are near completion and will be submitted in the course of 2011 or early 2012 ... [Para 22]"
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    UN Compilation

    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Review Documentation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    Neglected
    Contents:
    UNDP noted that although approximately 52 per cent of the population in Zimbabwe is female, women are underrepresented in politics and in other decision-making positions. CEDAW was concerned at the low level of women’s participation at the decision-making level. It recommended the adoption of temporary special measures of affirmative action to promote the status of women in all spheres of society. [Para 17]
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Iceland

    Iceland
    Regional group
    WEOG
    Issue:
    • Criminal laws on same-sex sexual practices
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    40th Session, January 2022
    Status:
    Unclear Response
    Contents:
    Decriminalize sexual relations between consenting adults of the same sex by repealing section 73 of the Criminal Code and Reform Act 2006.
    Explanation
    Noted.
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Algeria

    Algeria
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Women's participation
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    12th session, October 2011
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Strengthen the representation of women in decision-making process.
    Implementation
    "Midterm Report:
    The new Constitution provides for a reserved quota for women in the National Assembly and proportional representation in the Senate. As a result, Zimbabwe has witnessed an increase in representation of women in Parliament as they make up 32% in the National Assembly and 48% of Senate, which constitutes a total 34% of the current Parliament. The Constitution further calls upon government to ensure full gender balance and to take measures to promote the full participation of women in all spheres on the basis of equality with men. This includes equal representation in all institutions, agencies of government, commissions and other elective bodies at all levels.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 23) The Committee commended efforts to apply temporary special measures allowing women to access loans under the small and medium-sized enterprises policy in 2010 ….

    Stakeholder Summary
    Para 24) JS7 stated that at the 2011 review, Zimbabwe agreed to implement measures to prohibit discrimination against women, address the marginalization and exclusion of women from the economic, social and political spheres. The 2013 Constitution protected women’s rights and prohibited discrimination on basis of gender. However, the envisaged equality had not translated into social and economic empowerment for women"
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Syria

    Syria
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Political group
    OIC
    AL
    Issue:
    • Women's and / or girls' rights
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Continue to develop policies to protect women’s rights
    Implementation
    National Report Annex:
    Government continues to review legislation with a view to removing all discriminatory provisions so as to ensure full compliance with the protection of women’s rights. Government reviewed the National Gender Policy and aligned to the Constitution and international and regional human rights instruments, which include the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the SADC Protocol on Gender and Development.

    UN Compilation:
    Para 7) … CEDAW expressed concern at the long delays in amending legislation subsidiary to the Constitution and by the remaining discriminatory provisions in the legislative framework, including provisions on marriage and property rights and on the minimum age for marriage.
    Para 47) CEDAW expressed concern that discriminatory customary laws and practices continued to regulate marriage and family relations, allowing for harmful practices such as polygamy.
    Para 59) UNESCO stated that Zimbabwe could be commended for its enactment of the Education Amendment Act, of 2020, which extended the prohibited grounds of discrimination in education to include marital status, age, pregnancy, disability, economic or social status, and whether persons were born in or out of wedlock, which would be added to nationality, race, colour, tribe, place of birth, ethnic or social origin, language, class, religious belief, political affiliation, opinion, custom, culture, sex and gender.
    Para 60) … The United Nations country team stated that the Education Amendment Act, inter alia, promoted menstrual health and the retention of pregnant girls in schools.
    Para 64) The United Nations country team stated that there was limited political will to implement policies that protected and empowered women. Women’s empowerment programmes were underresourced and women had limited access to finance, land and freehold property. Women had limited opportunities to influence policy and continued to face legal, cultural and patriarchal barriers.
    Para 65) While welcoming the efforts by Zimbabwe to facilitate women’s access to land, the CEDAW expressed relevant concerns, including the existence of harmful practices which impeded access to land for rural women.

    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 15) JS5 stated the Marriages Bill, which presented an opportunity to reconcile the ambiguities and gaps that persisted in the Marriage Act and the Customary Marriages Act, contained inconsistencies which may encumber the realization of women’s rights. It also noted the lack of exclusive gender equality legislation.
    Para 18) ADH stated that although laws on personal status matters, such as marriage and divorce, were generally equitable, customary practices placed women at a disadvantage. JS19 stated that achieving gender parity remained a challenge and that women continued to be marginalized in many contexts.
  • State Under Review:

    Zimbabwe

    Zimbabwe
    Regional group
    Africa Group
    Political group
    AU
    Source Of Reference:

    Timor-Leste

    Timor-Leste
    Regional group
    Asia-Pacific Group
    Issue:
    • Violence against women / gender-based violence
    Type:
    Recommendation
    Session:
    26th session, November 2016
    Status:
    Accepted
    Contents:
    Provide adequate assistance and protection to women who were victims of violence
    Implementation
    Stakeholder Summary:
    Para 31) JS1 stated that the national gender based violence response hotline and the Victim Friendly Unit in police stations lacked capacity and personnel with sufficient knowledge to support victims. Cases of gender based violence have escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic

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